Ese koko u Rwanda ni gashozantambara mu karere k’ibiyaga bigari?

Witegereje umubano w’u Rwanda n’ibihugu bituranye na rwo, usanga iki ari ikibazo buri wese atabura kwibaza asubije amaso inyuma nk’imyaka 30 itambutse, cyane cyane guhera mu mwaka w’1994 kuzamura kugeza none.

Duhere iyi nkuru mu mwaka w’1996 ubwo u Rwanda bwa mbere rwagabaga ibitero kuri Zaïre yari iyobowe na Mobutu Sese Seko, mu rugamba rwo gucura impunzi zari zarahungiyeyo mu 1994.

Ni intambara yadutse hagati y’ibihugu byombi mu buryo abakurikiraniraga hafi uko ibintu byari byifashe babonaga ko umwotsi wayo wacumbekaga. Uru rugamba rwashojwe himiswe Perezida Laurent Desire Kabila.

Nyirabayazana: Ex-FAR, Interahamwe, Impuzamugambi na FDLR muri Zaïre

Umwotsi uvugwa wacumbekaga ni uw’uko Zaïre yari imaze imyaka ikabakaba 3 yakiriye ku butaka bwayo abahoze ari abasirikare ba Leta ya Repubulika ya 2 bari bazwi nka Force Armée Rwandaise, FAR mu magambo ahinnye .

Mu kwakira aba basirikare kandi, Zaïre yanakiriye impunzi z’abasivili bari biganjemo amatsinda y’urubyiruko rw’ishyaka MRND rwitwaga Interahamwe, hamwe ndetse n’urwari rwegamiye ishyaka CDR narwo rwari ruzwi nk’Impuzamugambi. Aya matsinda yombi yari yarahunze amaze gukorera Abatutsi jenoside.

Uretse uru rubyiruko kandi, hari n’abandi bantu basanzwe batari urubyiruko bari mu basize bakoze jenoside, wongeyeho n’abategetsi ba Repubulika ya 2 baba abo mu nzego zo hejuru ndetse n’iz’ibanze bari barahunganye n’abaturage basanzwe bose hamwe bakaba barakabakabaga 2.101.000.

Nkuko imibare dukesha inyandiko ya UNHCR yiswe ngo "Le génocide rwandais et ses répercussions " ku mbonerahamwe nimezo ya 10.2 ibigaragaza, impunzi z’Abanyarwanda zo mu 1994 zahungiye mu bihugu bikikije u Rwanda zari zigabanije mu buryo bukurikira:

– Burundi bwari bwahungiwemo n’ibihumbi 270.
– Tanzania yari yarakiriye abahwanye n’ibihumbi 577
– Uganda y’Uburengerazuba banganaga n’ibihumbi 10
– Zaïre mu gice cya Goma bari ibihumbi 850
– Zaïre igice cyegereye Bukavu bari ibihumbi 332
– Zaïre mu gihande cyerekeza Uvira bari impunzi ibihumbi 62, bose hamwe banganaga n’ibihumbi byavuzwe haruguru.

Uyu mubare w’impunzi kandi, ntabwo ubarirwamo Abanyarwanda bari barahunze mu mwaka w’1959 bagana mu bihugu bitandukanye byaba ibikikije u Rwanda cyangwa ibya kure yarwo, kimwe n’uko hatabariwemo abari bishoboye mu mpunzi za 1994 bahungiye mu Burayi, Amerika n’ahandi hatavuzwe mu mbonerahamwe yavuzwe haruguru.

Imwe mu mpamvu yakomeje guteza urusaku rwa hato na hato hagati y’icyitwaga Zaïre n’ubutegetsi bwa FPR-Inkotanyi bwari buriho mu Rwanda, kwari uko izo mpunzi hafi ya zose zari muri Zaïre zari zarashyizwe mu nkambi zegereye umupaka nka Kibumba hafi ya Bugeshi na Busasamama muri Rubavu ya none, ndetse na Katale ya Mugunga mu nkengero z’umujyi wa Goma.

Umwanditsi Yasmine Bouagga mu gitabo yashyize hanze gifite inyito igira iti: "Camps et campements de réfugiés," ugenekereje mu Kinyarwanda ni "Inkambi n’uburyo bwo kutuza impunzi" umwanditsi asobanura ko uko byagenda kose inkambi z’impunzi zigomba kuba kure hashoboka hitaruye imipaka bwite y’ibihugu zikomokamo uhereye ku bilometero 50 no gukomeza ku birometero nibura 150.

Ibi kandi ntabwo ari ibintu ibihugu byahungiwemo bikora ku bw’ibiganiro hagati yabyo n’ibyo bihugu cyangwa umuryango mpuzamahanga nka UNHCR cyangwa indi miryango ikora ibirebana n’impunzi cyangwa abimukira ahubwo ni ko amategeko mpuzamahanga abitegeka.

Imirwano y’impunzi z’Abanyarwanda n’abasirikare ba Tanzania i Benaco muri Karere ka Ngara

Kimwe mu bintu byabaye inshoberamahanga ni ukuntu amategeko agenga impunzi n’inkambi zazo nk’uko twabibonye haruguru byirengagijwe muri Zaïre, ndetse bigahabwa umugisha na UNHCR.

Sadako Ogata wari ukuriye ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye rishinzwe impunzi ku Isi, UNHCR, mu butumwa bwihariye yagejeje ku mpunzi zari mu burasirazuba bwa Zaïre, ubwo ni RDC y’iki gihe, yari yifashishije urugero rw’impunzi ibihumbi 80 zari zimaze gutaha zivuye mu Burundi, maze ku itariki ya 25 Ukwakira 1996 agira ati:

"Nongeye kandi kubasaba ko mwarushaho guhanga amaso uyu munsi aho guhoza imitima ku byatambutse mukita ku ijwi rya guverinoma y’u Rwanda ibasaba gutahuka iwanyu nk’uko abavuye mu Burundi byabagendekeye, Leta yanyu ihora ibisubiramo kenshi ko izita ku mutekano n’uburenganzira bwa buri wese, kandi ni ukuri natwe muzahadusanga dufatanye kureberera ibyo byose."

Impamvu u Burundi n’impunzi zabuhungiyemo bije muri iki gika cy’inkuru ariko, ni ukwerekana ko uko buri gihugu cyo mu biyaga bigari cyakinnye ikarita yo kwakira impunzi mu 1994, ni nako iby’umubano w’u Rwanda n’icyo gihugu byakurikiragaho byabaga byifashe.

Muri ibi byose rero, imbaraga buri gihugu mu bikikije u Rwanda cyashyiraga mu gukemura ikibazo cy’abagihungiyemo ndetse no kugerageza kubahiriza ibisabwa n’amategeko mpuzamahanga, nk’uko u Burundi na Tanzania byabikoze, usanga umusaruro wakomotse muri izo mbaraga waragiye ujyana n’imiterere y’uburemere ku munzani w’umubano icyo gihugu cyagiye kigirana n’u Rwanda mu myaka hafi 30 itambutse.

Urugero rwa hafi kuri iki kibazo, ni aho ku itariki ya 13 Ukuboza 1996, ingabo za Tanzania zasakiranye n’impunzi z’Abanyarwanda zari mu nkambi ya Benaco mu karere ka Ngara rubura gica ariko biza kurangira impunzi ibihumbi 450 byabaga muri iyo nkambi zitahuwe ku ngufu mu gihugu cy’u Rwanda, kuva ubwo akajagari kahoraga ku mipaka y’u Rwanda na Tanzania karangira gatyo na magingo aya.

Nk’uko ibiro ntaramakuru by’Abanyamerika, Associated Press byabyanditse, umuturage witwa Lukera François wari muri izo mpunzi yatangaje ko nta n’umwe wifuzaga gutaha iyo badashyirwaho igitutu na Leta ya Tanzania yabizezaga amahoro n’ituze nibataha iwabo.

Uku kwizezwa umutekano kwanagarutsweho mu butumwa bwa Sadako Ogata ariko, ni ko kwaje kuba agatereranzamba ku butegetsi bwa Repubulika ya Demokarasi ya Congo kuva ikiri Zaïre, ndetse no muri Uganda icyurwa ry’impunzi n’ubutumwa buzukangurira ibyo bukaba butarakoranywe imbaraga.

Iby’urushyi Perezida Kagame yasezeranije gutsibura abateraga muri Cyangugu mu 1996 baturuka muri Zaïre

Mu kiganiro uwari Visi Perezida w’u Rwanda akaba na Minisitiri w’Ingabo, General-Major Paul Kagame (ubu ni Perezida w’u Rwanda ) yagiranye na Associated Press ku itariki ya 30 Ukwakira 1996, byavugwaga ko hari ibitero bya gisirikare byaturutse muri Zaïre icyo gihe byari byugarije Perefegitura ya Cyangugu.

Umunyamakuru yifuje kumenya icyo u Rwanda rwari rutegereje gukora maze Kagame amusubiza ati: "Njye uramutse unkubise urushyi ku itama icyo nkora ni ugushaka uko ndukwishura kandi njye nkarutsibura aho nshaka hose."

Abashaka gucurika amateka rero bahora berekana u Rwanda nk’igihugu gihorana ubushotoranyi n’abaturanyi ariko hamwe na hamwe bakirengagiza nkana ko u Rwanda na rwo mu bihe bitandukanye rutarabaga rworohewe n’ababaga barugabaho ibitero.

Ingendo za General Muhoozi Kainerugaba i Kigali zakuyeho urujijo...

Urundi rugero rwa hafi aha n’aho guhera mu mwaka w’2019 umubano w’u Rwanda na Uganda wajemo agatotsi ndetse byaje no kwemezwa n’Umujyanama mu by’umutekano wa Perezida Museveni akaba n’umuhungu we, General Muhoozi Kainerugaba, ko ibihugu byombi byenze kwesurana mu bya gisirikare mu cyo yise "Intambara y’ubucucu," ariko bikaza guhosha.

N’andi mateka ashamikira kuri iyi nkuru ku by’amakimbirane yagiye agaragara hagati y’u Rwanda n’amahanga, kenshi wasanga u Rwanda rwararwanaga rwirengera (Legitime Defence ), urundi rugero aha ni aho ingabo z’u Rwanda zari zimaze kwigarurira umujyi wa Kisangani muri Congo rugaha ikaze ingabo za Uganda ngo bafatanye kuwurinda ariko izi zikaza gushaka guhigika iz’u Rwanda bikavamo imirwano.

Nko mu gihe cy’imirwano y’ingabo z’u Rwanda zasakiraniyemo n’iza Uganda mu mujyi wa Kisangani ku nshuro ya mbere ibi bihugu birwana, ingabo za Uganda zashatse kwirukana iz’umutwe w’inyeshyamba wari ushyikiwe n’u Rwanda, RCD-Goma, ari nako Uganda ishaka ko Kisangani iyoborwa n’indi RCD yari ishyigikiye yayoborwaga na Wamba Dia Wamba.

Uyu mujyi ariko wari warafashwe n’ingabo z’u Rwanda hamwe na RCD Goma, icyo gihe Uganda yashatse kuwigarurira ku ngufu u Rwanda rwakotanye n’Abagande Kisangani isigara ari amatongo kubera imbunda nini zakoreshejwe muri iyi ntambara yahagurukije amahanga kugira ngo ngo ihoshe.

Mu nkuru y’ibiro ntaramakuru by’Abongereza, Reuters yo ku itariki 16 Kanama 1999, umunyamakuru Todd Pitman wakoreraga ibi biro i Kigali, yavuganye n’uwari Minisitiri muri Perezidansi y’u Rwanda, Parick Mazimhaka, amubwira ko aya makimbiane yari bushakirwe umuti hagati ya ba Perezida Museveni na Paul Kagame wari Visi Perezida w’u Rwanda, mu nama yaje kubera ku mupaka w’ibihugu byombi.

Iyi ntambara kandi yari yanahagurukije uwari Umujyanama mukuru mu Nama Nkuru y’Umutekano muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika, Gayle Smith, waje guhura n’aba bategetsi bombi ngo bashakire umuti hamwe wo guhosha intambara karundura yari ihangayikishije Isi na Afrika by’umwihariko.

No mu ntambara ya Kisangani ya 2 kandi yabaye mu 2000, bivugwa ko Uganda na bwo yabaye nk’ishaka kwihorera ku Rwanda kubera ibisigarira by’intambara ya Kisangani ya 1, nabwo bikaba iby’ubusa.

U Rwanda rwanze kuba urwa ka gatebo bayoza ivu

Uwarebesha amaso ibibera mu mubano y’u Rwanda n’ibihugu bituranye rero, bitewe n’inguni yicayemo ashobora kubona u Rwanda nk’igihugu gihora mu ndyane n’amahanga ariko kandi akirengagiza ko u Rwanda narwo rutari guhora rutega itama ngo buri gihugu kiruhondagure rwituramiye kandi abahanga bavuga ko Isi itagira imbabazi ndetse aba kera babivuze ukuri bati: "Burya uwigize agatebo ayora ivu."

Iyo u Rwanda ruza guturama ntirugire icyo rukora ku mutekano warwo, akarere kari kuba umuyonga kuko mu ntambara zose rwanyuzemo muri iyi myaka 30, rwagiye rusenya udutsiko tw’abari kuzashyira bakarugirira nabi kandi nta gushidikanya ko iyo babigeraho bari kurwubika mu gihe bari kuvumbukana n’andi mahanga n’ingoma wabonaga ko zibashyigikiye.

Wahita wibaza uti:

– Iyo Ex-FAR, Interahamwe n’Impuzamugambi bari muri Zaïre bataza gutatanywa bakamburwa, imbunda amaherezo y’umutekano mu karere k’ibiyaga bigari yari kuba ayahe?

– Niba FDLR irikoroza itya kandi yaraciwe intege ubu, iba yifashe ite iyo itaza kuraswa ikanegekazwa ku rwego iriho uyu munsi?
– Ese iyo Tanzania n’u Burundi bitaza gucisha make no guhatira impunzi gutaha byari kuba bimeze gute mu mpande zose z’igihugu?

Uhita wibaza uko umutekano wari kuba wifashe mu gihe ku nkiko zose z’u Rwanda hari kuba hugarijwe nk’uko abashaka gutera u Rwanda bahora barekereje iyo za Rutshuru na Masisi netse no muri Kivu y’Epfo!

Ibi rero bigaragara nk’impamvu y’intambara zidashira abatabizi bitirira u Rwanda kuva kera kose. Ndetse bigaragara nk’impamvu abakiri bato baheraho bamenya imvo n’imvano y’ibibera mu bihugu byacu ndetse no kumenya uruhare rwa buri gihugu mu kubumbatira umutekano w’ikindi bituranye ndetse n’urundi ruhare kanaka yagize mu mateka mu kuba gashozantambara.