
Covid-19 yahungabanyije ubushobozi mu bukungu, muri rusange, ariko cyane cyane ku bari basanzwe bafite imibereho iciriritse. Ku «bana bo mu muhanda» basanzwe, ibi byongereye abanyeshuri benshi mu mubare w’abishakishiriza, ngo bongere ubushobozi bwo kubona ifunguro ry’umuryango. Binyuze mu ngeso mbi nyinshi, abenshi batumwe n’ababyeyi!
Ni hagati ya saa kumi n’ebyiri n’igice na saa moya z’umugoroba. Nubwo bwose ari i Nyamirambo ya Kigali, ntibisanzwe kuhumva induru muri ayo masaha! Nk’igisubizo cyihuse, haza ikivunge cy’abana biruka bagenza umugongo, n’umuriri w’agasaku no gutaka cyane, nk’umuntu umwe. Ubanza ari mu rwego rwo kwikiranya n’amarira ya Obama, mugenzi wabo umuturage afashe yurira igipangu cye, ho mu Mudugudu w’Amizero, mu Kagari ka Cyivugiza. Bose basangiye inkano, ingano n’ingeso. Ni urungano: buri wese n’agafuka ku rutugu, karimo isahu n’ihaho ry’umunsi, umuto afite imyaka 8, umukuru 12. Nta wamenya ibara ry’imyenda bambaye, yose yahindutse ikigina kubera iyarara ry’imyanda « y’abakire » birirwa bashakishamo ibyo kurya, cyangwa imari bagurisha.
Ku bw’umuturage Sikubwabo Pierre, utuye Cyivugiza ngo « aya ni amahindura y’abana bo ku Gasharu na Rugarama», utugari tubiri tw’icyaro, muri tune tugize umurenge wa Nyamirambo. Mu bihe bisanzwe, benshi mu baturage baho batungwa n’uturimo dutandukanye bakorera abakire. Mu bihe bidasanzwe bya Covid19, muri rusange, na #GumaMuRugo, by’umwihariko, ngo byazanye imibereho idasanzwe, umukecuru Mukamana Maria wo mu Rugarama rwa Nyamirambo yita «nyunganira mwana». Agira ati«ibihe nk’ibi ni nyunganira mwana. Kuri nkatwe, ba ntaho nikora, twahumiye ku mirari. Ubu n’abana, hatitawe ngo ni abanyeshuri, bagomba guhaguruka kugira ngo turamuke! ».
Ibigaragara hirya no hino, ni uko Covid-19 yatumye imisozi yose iba Nyarusange. Kuba iki cyorezo cyarafunze amashuri, byatumye abanyeshuri, baturuka mu miryango isanzwe ifite imibereho iciriritse, biyongera, mu muhanda, ku mubare w’abishakishiriza mu rwego rwo kongera ubushobozi bwo kubona ifunguro ry’umuryango. Uretse no mu mujyi nka Kigali, urabisanga nka Huye, Musanze, Rusizi, Muhanga, Rusizi n’ahandi. Iki ni icyorezo cyiyongereye mu kindi: kuko abo bana birirwa mu ngeso nyinshi zirimo gusabiriza, guhunahuna mu iyarara, kwiba, ndetse n’uburaya. Bamwe baba banatumwe n’ababyeyi babo. Ni nk’aho Covid-19 yongereye igipimo cy’abana birirwa mu muhanda, nimugoroba bagataha iwabo mu miryango.
N’i Muhanga na Musanze bararira!
Amaze gucishwaho agashari, umwana Obama na bariya bana b’i Nyamirambo bavuze byinshi ku bibazo byabo. Abenshi muri bo bemeye ko ari abanyeshuri. Bemera ko byatangiye bava iwabo, mu Rugarama no ku Gasharu, ababyeyi babatumye gushakisha icyo kurya, ngo ni yo mpamvu bagendana udufuka two gushyiramo ibyo bashoboye kubona. Gusa kimwe na Obama, uwo twise Mahinja na we wiga mu mwaka wa 4 w’amashuri abanza, basanga bafite ibyo barya batakwirirwa mu byo gusaba no gushakisha mu iyarara.
Kimwe n’ahandi, i Muhanga na ho abana basabiriza babaye benshi cyane. Mu muhanda, ugenda ukubitana imitego n’utwana twinshi dusa nabi cyane, dusa n’uduheruka amazi muri rimwe. Abenshi nta dupfukamunwa, abandi bambaye utw’umwanda bavanye mu iyarara. «Bosi, mabuja, wampaye igiceri ko mburaye (…) Ugire urugendo rwiza». Imvugo nk’iyi, irimo n’ikinyabupfura kitamenyerewe ku bana bo mu muhanda, itera gukeka ko harimo abafite uburere. Bwana Tango Assumani, umwe mu bashinzwe umutekano muri uyu mujyi, utifuje ko izina ry’ukuri ritangazwa, yemeza ko uretse gusabiriza ku muhanda, ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro, uburaya biri mu ngeso abanyeshuri biroshyemo muri ibi bihe.
By’umwihariko ariko, mu Kagari ka Gifumba, umurenge wa Nyamabuye, abaturiye ikirombe gicukurwamo amabuye y’agaciro yitwa Coltan, bafite impungenge ko utwana tumaze amezi arenga 6 mu bucukuzi tutazasubira ku ishuri. Umukecuru witwa Mukamusoni Madalina yemeza ko abo bana bakorera amafaranga iwabo babizi neza, ndetse bamwe boherejwe n’ababyeyi babo. Ahuza cyane n’umusaza Nkiriyehe Gaspard wo muri ako kagari iyo bemeza ko « kubasubiza mu ishuri bizagorana ».
I Musanze, ho byageze aho na Guverineri Gatabazi JMV ubwe asanga iki kibazo kimaze gukabya, kugeza n’aho ngo usanga abana basabiriza birirwa biruka inyuma ya ba mukerarugendo, babaka amafaranga. Abadasabiriza na bo, usanga bari mu mirimo itandukanye, bashaka ibyo kurya. Hafi y’isoko rya Musanze, ho bahagize iseta ihoraho. Barimo Kigingi ugira ati « jye mfite imyaka 10, ndi umunyeshuri. Nkora akazi ko gukondora (imyaka) n’ako kuvoma amazi, maze amafaranga nkayashyira iwacu bagahaha». Mugenzi we w’imyaka 11, we aratura akavuga ko atumwa n’ababyeyi. Agira ati «jye nikorera n’amabuye. Iwacu barambwira ngo ngende mu mujyi gushakisha utwo kurya ngo barashonje». Ni mu gihe usanga ababyeyi na bo ayo makosa bayashyira ku bana. Umwe muri bo agira ati «Nk’ubu nkasiga abana mu rugo. Nasubirayo ngasanga barimo gucuruza ibisheke ». Ngo abana bo muri iki gihe, kubera kutiga, bose bagiye baba ibirara, «barananiranye, ahubwo abayobozi babidufashamo».
Umuyobozi w’akarere ushinzwe imibereho y’abaturage, Madame Kamanzi Axelle, asanga ingamba zafashwe zigomba kongerwamo n’ibihano. Agira ati «twaganiriye n’ababyeyi. Byagaragaye ko hari abadashoboye kuzuza inshingano zabo. Dusanga ahasigaye Inama njyanama ikwiye gushyiraho ibihano ku babyeyi nkabo batererana abana babo cyangwa babakoresha imirimo nk’iyo».
I Rubavu ni muri «nyunganira mwana» !
Goma na Gisenyi ni nk’umujyi umwe. Fatuma Nyirabera, utuye Majengo mu mujyi wa Gisenyi, agereranya Goma nk’ «umurima wo munsi y’urugo, aho unyarukira ukahakura ikiramutsa urugo». Kimwe n’abandi benshi, ngo babeshwagaho no gucuruza utuntu dutandukanye ku gataro cyangwa ibase, bambukiranya umupaka. Kuri we, ngo ni ikibazo gikomeye kuba «umupaka warafunzwe, ariko inda irya yo ntiyafungwa».
Abakoraga akazi ko gukora isuku abandi, abari batunzwe no gufurira abandi, abana bakabaho, ubu ba nyir’urugo ako kazi barakikorera. We na mugenzi we Mariamu bemeza ko iyo ahebye kabiri, gatatu, kandi umwana amubaza impamvu nta kintu azanye, ngo ni ho ikibazo gikomerera. Ngo benshi ubu babwira abana ngo « ndananiwe, nawe ejo uzanyakire ujyeyo gushakisha. Harimo n’abanyeshuri nyine !». Iyo umukobwa abonye umuha ibihumbi bibiri (2000 Frw), agahungu na ko kakagira icyo kabona, «urugo ruraramuka». Kwicuruza kuri make, ku bakobwa, gusabiriza cyangwa se kwiba ku bahungu, ngo ni bimwe mu kazi kabangukira abo bana.
Gusa rero ngo hari n’ubujura. Ku buhamya bwa benshi, barimo umusaza twise Karisa Samusoni, mu isoko ry’imyenda rya Mbugangari mu murenge wa Gisenyi, ngo biramenyerewe kuhasanga imyenda yanuwe ikijojoba amazi, ikazanwa kugurishwa. Ikibabaje ngo nuko « nyir’imyenda iyo aje, hari igihe bamuhindura injiji, cyangwa se akanakubitwa akabura kirengera ».
I Rusizi ho baranapfa!
Mu gihe cy’amezi 3, mu bantu 5 bamaze kwicwa n’i Kivu bambutsa magendu, harimo abanyeshuri 3 n’umukobwa w’inkumi w’imyaka 25 wari uraye ari bushyingirwe. Nko mu gitondo cy’ijoro ryo ku wa 20-21 Ukwakira, haramutse inkuru y’abantu 3 barohamye mu Kivu. I Kamembe hacika igikuba, ariko cyane cyane abo mu Kagari ka Gatsiro mu murenge wa Gihundwe. Aha ni ho havuka Fiston w’imyaka 25, wari umunyeshuri muri Kaminuza. Ngo kwambutsa no gucuruza magendu iva muri Congo byari ibisanzwe mu muryango wa nyakwigendera. Gusa ururondogoro rwabaye rwinshi, kuba mu bo bapfanye harimo na mugenzi we wigaga mu wa 3 w’amashuri yisumbuye. Umusaza Kanyeshyamba Ezzekia agira ati « nta we bitatera ubwoba. Nk’uwo mwana yiganaga n’uwanjye mu mwaka wa 3. Aho ibi bintu bigana ni ah’Imana ».
Kimwe na Rubavu na Kigali, umujyi wa Kamembe muri Rusizi uvugwamo uburaya bwiyongereye, kubera abanyeshuri bagumishijwe iwabo mu rugo na Covid-19.
Umukobwa S.M, ufite imyaka 20, Covid-19 yamusanze mu mwaka wa 4 w’amashuri yisumbuye. Aho ari kuri Hotel Carrefour «ateze indege», ni ukuvuga ategereje abagabo, afite ubwoba bw’inzara yatejwe na Covid-19. Abana na nyina na barumuna be babiri, kandi nyina «yacuruzaga utuntu hagati ya Kamembe na Bukavu». Inzara yatumye yemeranya n’umubyeyi we ko na we agomba gushakisha. Kuri we ngo ibihe nk’ibi bituma «benshi dukora ibidakorwa, ibibujijwe (…) ni uko bagenzi bacu barimo kwicwa n’i Kivu». Kuri we ngo, kubera ibibi byinshi bashowemo n’ibi bihe, « n’abatishwe n’i Kivu uyu munsi, ejo bazicwa na Sida, kubera ubusambanyi bwiyongereye ». Yaba yiteguye gusubira kwiga? Ashwi da! Keretse wenda imipaka ifunguye, nyina akongera gucuruza «ibitenge n’izindi za magendu».
Aho akora kuri Hôtel imwe i Kamembe, uwiswe KS ku mpamvu z’umutekano we n’akazi ke, abona byinshi, azi byinshi. Dore ko ari na ho avuka. Agira ati « ino dukunda amafaranga, natwe turabyemera. Aho yaturuka hose rero si ikibazo. Ku buryo hari ababyeyi rero bohereza abana babo b’abakobwa kuyashakira mu bagabo. Aho nkora hano kuri Hôtel, ndababona, ndetse bamwe tukamenyana, tukaganira».
Ubutabazi bwihuse!
Kubera ko ikibazo cy’abana b’inzererezi atari icya none, abakimenyereye bemeza ko gishingiye ku kutita ku nshingano kw’ababyeyi, ariko bakanavuga n’uburangare bw’abayobozi badafatanya n’abo bireba ngo ikibazo kirandurirwe mu mizi. Nyuma yo kubona ko Covid-19 yatumye gifata indi ntera, umuryango Centre Marembo, wita ku bana bugarijwe n’ibibazo, usanga hakwiye kubaho ubufatanye bw’inzego zitandukanye ndetse n’ubutabazi bwihuse. Umuyobozi wawo, Nsabimana Nicolette agira ati « muri iki gihe cy’icyorezo cya COVID19, koko abana b’inzererezi babaye benshi cyane. Ababashinzwe, ari bo babyeyi n’ubuyobozi, basa n’ababirengagije, hakaba hakwiye gukorwa ibikorwa by’ubutabazi bwihuse»
Bwana Nduwayo James na we, umuyobozi wa gahunda ya Tubarerere mu miryango, muri Komisiyo y’igihugu ishinzwe abana (NCC), avuga ko gahunda irambye yo kwita ku bibazo by’abana b’inzerererezi, ari uko abana bahuzwa n’imiryango yabo, ariko n’ababyeyi batita ku nshingano bakabibazwa. Uretse kuba harashyizweho «itsinda ry’inzego zitandukanye, iryo tsinda rikura abana mu muhanda bagashyirrwa ahantu babugenewe, mbere yo gushyikirizwa imiryango, ikindi ni uguhana ababyeyi batita ku shingano nk’uko amategeko abiteganya ».
I Muhanga na ho, ku bibazo bihavugwa, Meya Kayitesi Jacqueline avuga ko ababyeyi bakwiye gukomeza kwibutswa « inshingano zo kurera, bagakumira imirimo ikoreshwa abana. Natwe turakomeza kubikurikirana, ahagaragaye amakosa bagirwe inama, ndetse n’ahagaragara kutubahiriza amategeko bikurikiranwe».
Umuti urambye urashoboka?
Minisiteri y’ubutegetsi bw’igihugu (Minaloc) ihagaze ite muri ibi bibazo byose? Muri ibi bihe bya Covid-19, yaba Minisitiri Shyaka Anastase ubwe, yaba se Umunyamabanga wa Leta Nyirarukundo Ignacienne, ufite imibereho myiza y’abaturage mu nshingano ze, bose bakunze kugaragaza aho Minaloc ihagaze kuri ibi bibazo byose byagaragaye ku bana n’urubyiruko.
Nyuma gato y’uko icyorezo cya Covid-19 kigeze mu Rwanda, Minisitiri Shyaka yibukije inshingano z’u Rwanda ku burere bw’abana. Yagize ati «Imihanda ntibyara, abana bagomba kuba mu miryango. Twifuza kubamenya no kubona aho baba mu mihanda bagashakirwa igisubizo. Imihanda n’inzira byacu ntibigomba kugira abana. Nta munyarwanda, nta mwana w’u Rwanda wari ukwiye kuba atekereza ko ubuzima bwe buzaba ku mihanda akahakurira akaba ari na ho arererwa».
Nyuma y’uko ikibazo gisanzwe, cy’abana bo mu muhanda no gusabiriza, cyiyongereyeho ibibazo by’uburaya, imirimo idakwiye ikoreshwa abana, Madamu Nyirarukundo Ignacienne na we yakunze kugaruka ku babyeyi bakwiye «guha abana umwanya». Bityo ngo «umwanya wo guha abana uburere», ababyeyi ntibawugurane uwo «kujya kuganira na bagenzi babo, kujya kwiga cyangwa se kwitunganya inzara n’umusatsi».
Muri Minaloc, ngo barajwe ishinga no kuvuguta imiti irambye kandi buri wese yagizemo uruhare, kugira ngo bavure indwara zitwa «kutuzuza inshingano kw’ababyeyi», «imyumvire» n’«ubukene». Mu miti ivugwa ko ivugutwa muri iki gihe, imyinshi ngo igomba kunyura mu kwigisha n’igitsure cy’ubuyobozi n’amategeko. Kuki havugwa ubukene kandi hari gahunda zinyuranye za Leta zo kuburwanya, nka VUP (VIYUPI)? Muri iyi miti irambye, n’abanyamijyi bashobora guhabwa VUP ijyanye n’imirimo ihari, ariko bakongererwa n’ubushobozi (skills) bwo kwizigama.
Kuki se imirimo ikoreshwa abana ikomeje kwiyongera? Minaloc isanga «hagomba gukazwa cya gitsure cy’ubuyobozi, ahasigaye amategeko agakurikizwa». Itegeko no13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 rigena umurimo mu Rwanda ingingo yaryo ya 4 igena umurimo w’abana ivuga ngo umwana ntashobora gukoreshwa nk’umukozi cyangwa se uwimenyereza akazi mbere yuko yuzuza imyaka 16. Gusa rero, hagati y’imyaka 16 na18 umwana ashobora gukoreshwa nk’umukozi hakurikijwe ingingo ya 5 n’iya 6, n’iya 7 y’iri tegeko.
Gusa hari abasanga ubu burwayi bugomba kuvurwa Kinyarwanda. Barimo umukecuru Mujejende Anastasia w’imyaka 80 wo muri Rubavu. Agira ati «indwara yanduriye ku bibero by’ababyeyi. Ni na ho igomba kuvurirwa. Tuve muri jugujugu twibuke abo turi bo, twongere dukikirire u Rwanda uko bikwiye!». Ngo bitazaba aka wa mugani ko «ibijya guhona bihera mu ruhongore»
Sehene Ruvugiro Emmanuel
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