Afurika ni umwe mu migabane igize Isi aho ingeso y’aho abaperezida bamwe b’ibihugu biwugize " batinda’’ ku butegetsi, abavuze ko babinenze, bagashushubikanwa, bagahunga rimwe na rimwe abo bategetsi bakabahitana kuko baba bashaka kubavana amata ku munwa (kubafata ku nda).

Mu kumvikanisha imvugo "gutinda ku butegetsi" muri iki gitekerezo turagaruka nibura kuri perezida wo muri Afurika umaze imyaka 30 ku butegetsi, tuvuge ko abutinzeho ariko twibaze, muri iyo myaka yose yari arimo akorera iki abaturage, akenshi bakunze gutwererwa ko ari bo ngo " batugiriye icyizere bakadutora, baracyadushaka." Niba babashaka se, mukora ibyo bashaka muri demukarasi mwitwikira?

Umunyarwanda yaciye umugani ngo " Utinda mu nturo ukayamburirwamo, Ibyagiye kera ibyagurukana irago naho mu Giswahili bati " Chelewa chelewa utamkuta mtoto si wako."

Iyi yose n’indi itarondowe iganisha ku kumvikanisha ko gutinda mu kintu runaka, bishobora gukurura imigirire mibi kandi wenda atari uko mu mizo ya mbere byari bimeze.

Muri iki gitekerezo ndibanda kuri perezida wo muri Afurika ukorera abaturage be. Si ukorera ba mpatsibihugu kuko uwo ni nabo bagena igihe batakimukeneye, bakamukuraho cyangwa se uwashyizweho n’agatsiko k’ibisambo bigamije inyungu zabyo.

Igihe gipfuye ubusa ku baturage, inyungu ku bategetsi

Mu mujyo w’igitekerezo cy’igitabo, Dunia Uwanja wa Fujo, (1975) cya Euphrase Kezilahabi aho Isi ifatwa nk’urubuga rwo gukiniraho akavuyo ka buri umwe, ubundi akazimira, aba bakuru b’ibihugu barambye ku butegetsi, bakiniye nabi abaturage kandi nta musifuzi uhari, nibo ba komiseri,abasifuzi yewe muri iyi minsi bari no kuri VAR. Ibaze uko uwo mukino uzarangira?

Mu by’ukuri, imyaka 30 yafatwa nk’igihe gihagije nibura ngo abaturage babe nibura babonye iby’ibanze. Aha singendera ku byo njye numva ari iby’ibanze, ahubwo ndifashisha ibyo umuhanga mu by’imitekerereze, Abraham Maslow yatondetse.

Kuri uru rutonde, iby’ibanze birimo: umwuka, ibyo kurya, amazi, aho kuba, imyambaro no kororoka. Ibi kandi bikurikirwa n’ibirimo: umutekano w’umuntu ku giti cye, akazi, ubukungu, imitungo n’ubuzima.

Witegereje neza mu bihugu bifite abaperezida bamaze imyaka 30 bategeka, ni ingorabahizi gusanga nibura nta baturage bashonje, bafite amazi meza, batarakuwe mu byabo n’imirwano, ubushomeri butavuza ubuhuha, abantu baticwa, baburirwa irengero, abantu ibyabo barabinyagwa n’abategetsi n’inkomamashyi zabo mu byita ngo " Dufite ingufu".

Dufate urugero, subiza amaso inyuma urebe mu bihugu nka Cameroun yabaye nk’akarima ka Paul Biya, Tchad ya Idriss Derby Itno, Uganda ya Museveni Kaguta Yoweli, Equatorial Guniea ya Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo na Repubulika ya Congo ya Denis Sassou Nguesso. Muri ibi bihugu, Ibi by’ingenzi abaturage barabifite? Ese bakeneye igihe kingana iki ngo bahe abaturage nibura iby’ibanze? Hakenewe impinduka se? Ngira ngo buri umwe azi ibibazo biri muri ibi bihugu.

Ibi ni nako bimeze ku babutinzeho ariko bakabuvaho ku neza cyangwa ku nabi nka Dos santos muri Angola, Mugabe muri Zimbabwe na Omar-Al-Bashir muri Sudan. Aba basigiye ibibazo ibihugu byabo.

Hari ibikorwa by’soni nke kuri abo bategetsi

Biratangaje ndetse biteye isoni, kubona aho perezida umaze imyaka isaga 30 ku butegetsi akijya mu birori bimeze nk’ibyo Chinua Achebe yanditseho mu gitabo cye A Man of the People .

Abaturage bakirirwa izuba ribamena agahanga bategereje umuyobozi uza gutaha umuyoboro w’amazi, amashanyarazi, imisarani mishya, gushyira ku mugaragaro ibijerekani bivomera amazi, ikigo nderabuzima cyangwa posite de sante. Ibi ni ibintu yakabaye yarabagejejeho nibura mu myaka 10 ya mbere y’ubutegetsi bwe niba atababwira bya nikize, icyamukomye mu nkokora.

Ntibyumvikana uko umuntu amaze imyaka 30 ariko akaba atarageza ku baturage avuga ko ari bo bamushyize ku butegetsi, amazi, ikintu cy’ibanze cyane mu buzima bwa buri munsi.

Si ibi gusa imigambi y’aba bagabo, barangwa n’akarimi gusa, mu bitabo iba itomoye ariko kugira ngo bagire icyo bakora byabaye ingorabahizi. Harabura iki? Ni izihe mbogamizi bagize ngo bafashe rubanda yagashwe n’ubutindi? Bafashwe iki?

Abo bategetsi bahugiye mu biki?

Amateka atwereka ko abategetsi ba Afurika barambye ku butegetsi bahugiye muri ibi bikorwa byo guhangana no guhindura itegeko nshinga, kwigwizaho imitungo, gusahurira mu mahanga, kwinezeza mu ngeso mbi, kurya ruswa, kwica abo bavuga ko ari abanzi b’igihugu, kwikubira ubutegetsi n’andi mabi, mu gihe abaturage bibagiranwe.

Ubu abategetsi bo muri Afurika ntibabura kuza mu mpapuro za Panama Papers, amakonti mu Busuwisi n’iyo mu birwa bya kure, imiturirwa iyo za Bulayi n’ibindi. Hibazwa uko igorofa rya miliyoni y’idolari riboneka, ariko itiyo na robine bitarengeje amadolari 10,000 bikabura ngo umuturage abone amazi!

Cheguevara ubwo yari muri Repubulika Iharanira Demukarasi ya Congo (Zaire icyo gihe) yavuze nta gihe yigunze cyane nko muri ibyo bihe. Nta kindi cyabiteye, ni inkuru Laurent Desire Kabila yamubariraga, abakobwa beza yabonye i Paris n’ibindi. None ubwo yageze i Kinshasa ntiyatega indege ngo ajye kongera kwirebera? Ngibyo ibyo babamo.

Ibi ni bimwe mu bisaba abaperezida bo muri Afurika imyaka n’imyaniko kuba bari ku butegetsi ngo babe babikora. Aba igihe cyabo ntibakimara batekereza uko ibihugu bayoboye byatera imbere, ahubwo baba bitekerezaho ubwabo uko batera imbere badasize n’imiryango yabo, hagakurikiraho abirirwa babarata ngo ni ibitangaza.

Ibihugu byabaye kompanyi bayoboye, bo ni abacuruzi ba buri kimwe kiri mu gihugu badasize n’ubuzima bw’abantu.

Uzabumva mu migambi y’ubusahuzi, kugena amategeko y’igihugu abakwiriye nk’imyenda bambara nk’aho ari bo gihugu, amamodoka, amazu, indege n’indi mitungo ihenze, ruswa, kwivugana abatumva ibintu kimwe nabo kuko baba babona babangamiye imigambi yabo, kubaka udutsiko mu nzego, ubusambanyi n’ibindi.

Abategetsi bagambanira abaturage

Mu mategeko ashyirwaho mu bihugu bya Afurika, harimo irihana ubugambanyi. Mu gitabo cye, Dr Francis Imbuga, Betrayal in The City, kugambana bikozwe n’umuyobozi, ni ukutubahiriza ibyo amategeko avuga (rule of law), ndetse no kuzuza amasezerano ku baturage.

Abaturage ntibashyiraho umuyobozi wo kujya kwikungahaza mu gihe bo bicira isazi mu jisho, bagahuhurwa n’isari. Bivuze ko ibikorwa n’aba bategetsi ari byo baba babitse ku mutima, atari ibyo basezeranyije abaturage, ibi bikaba gutenguha abaturage.

Muri iki gitabo, umwe mu bategetsi witwa Tumbo, bamusaba kuza mu nama yateguraga uruzinduko rw’umuyobozi mukuru, akabaza ati " Is There any potato in it? Ni ukuvuga ngo harimo umugati? Ubwo ntacyakorwa umuyobozi adafitemo ingehuro!

Mu gitabo cye, Animal Farm (1945), George Orwell avuga inkuru y’ubwami bwari buyobowe n’ingurube Napoleon na Snow Ball nyuma y’impinduka zari zakozwe zigobotora muntu, Jones. Icyari kigamijwe kwari ugushyiraho ubutegetsi aho inyamaswa zose zingana, zibaho zishimye gusa siko byaje kugenda kuko ingurube zazambije buri kimwe.

Ni ikigero cy’ubugambanyi ku nyamaswa zari mu ifamu bitewe no kutubaha amategeko n’amasezerano ku zindi nyamaswa. Mu butegetsi bw’iki gihe muri Afurika, aho bamwe baburambyeho, abantu babayeho nko mu butegetsi buvugwa muri icyo gitabo.

Gutinda ku butegetsi si ikibazo

Kuvuga ko kuba bamwe mu baperezida batinze ku butegetsi ari wo muzi w’ibibazo abaturage bafite, ntibyaba ari byo cyane ko n’igihe gito gihagije ngo umuyobozi ufite ubushake abe yagize bike bingana n’igihe amaze ayobora, ageza ku baturage.

Urugero rufatika ni ubutegetsi bwa Sankara Thomas muri Burkinafaso. Kuva mu 1983-1985,abana basaga miliyoni ebyiri barakingiwe. Impfu z’abana bavuka ziva kuri 20.8% zigera kuri 14.5%. Ibidukikije aho mu mwaka umwe hatewe ibiti miliyoni 10.

Mu myaka ine gusa, abazi gusoma bavuye kuri 13% bagera kuri 73% n’ibindi birimo kurwanya ruswa, guteza imbere inganda z’imbere mu gihugu, ibikorwaremezo n’ibindi.

Ariko ubu Afurika ifite abaperezida bamaze imyaka 30 ku butegetsi ariko bataragira icyo bakorera abaturage ku buryo n’iby’ibanze ntabyo bafite.

Nta bapfira gushira, hari aho kuri uyu mugabane bahererekanya ubutegetsi mu mahoro kandi ubutegetsi nibura bugaharanira guha abaturage iby’ibanze, ni abo gushimirwa no kwigiraho.

Hakorwe iki?

Birakwiriye ko inzego nka sosiyete sivile zibutsa aba bategetsi ko bakwiriye gutekereza ku baturage niba bifuza gukomeza kubategeka kuko ubundi nta kinini babamariye.

Umuco wo kwirirwa babasingiza aho kubibutsa ko hari ibibazo byazahaje igihugu uveho kandi uwumva ananiwe, aharire abandi bashobora kuzana impinduka mu mibereho myiza y’abaturage.

Nta kabuza aba bategetsi bazi neza ibyo abaturage bakeneye, gusa ubu barahuze mu gusahura, ni byiza ko bakeburwa, bakibuka abaturage bitabaye ibyo Afurika izakomeza kugira abategetsi barambye ariko batagize na kimwe baha abaturage, bityo ibihugu bikazahora mu nzira ngo y’amajyambere no kwiyubaka nkaho bivutse mu minsi ya vuba.

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