Urwego rushinzwe gushakisha abakurikiranweho ibyaha by’intambara, jenoside ndetse n’ibyibasira inyokomuntu rumaze imyaka 18 ruhiga Abanyarwanda 8 bashinjwa kugira uruhare muri jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu 1994, rukaba rwarashyizeho miliyoni 40 z’amadolari y’Amerika; arenga miliyari 38 z’Amafaranga y’u Rwanda azahabwa umuntu/abantu bazatanga amakuru atuma bafatwa.

Aba ni: Bizimana Augustin, Kabuga Félicien, Mpiranya Protais, Kayishema Fulgence, Ndimbati Aloys, Munyarugarama Phénéas, Sikubwayo Charles na Ryandikayo Charles. Buri wese muri aba yashyiriweho miliyoni eshanu z’amadolari y’Amerika.

Ni bantu ki?

Bizimana Augustin

Bizimana Augustin yavukiye mu cyahoze ari Komine ya Gituza muri Prefecture ya Byumba mu 1954. Ku butegetsi bwa Habyarimana Juvénal, Bizimana yabaye Minisitiri w’Ingabo mu 1993 kugeza mu 1994.

Akurikiranweho kugira uruhare mu itegurwa ndetse n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya jenoside kuva mu 1990 kugeza mu 1994. Muri icyo gihe, Bizimana Augustin avugwaho kuba yarateguye akanitabira inama zo kunoza umugambi wa jenoside, gutanga ibikoresho (intwaro) no kugenzura uburyo ubwicanyi bwakorwaga muri Prefecture zitandukanye.

Mu 1994, Bizimana yarahunze ava mu Rwanda, akaba yarashakishijwe n’Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda (ICTR), rwashyikirije dosiye ye Urukiko rwa ONU rushinzwe gukurikirana abanyabyaha, IRM (International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals)

Kabuga Félicien

Kabuga Félicien yavukiye mu cyahoze ari Komine ya Mukarange muri Prefecture ya Byumba mu 1935. Ni umunyemari ukurikiranweho gutera inkunga y’amafaranga ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya jenoside ndetse no gutanga intwaro zo kwicisha abatutsi.

Kabuga ashinjwa kugira uruhare mu itegurwa n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya jenoside kuva mu 1990 kugeza mu 1994. Ashinjwa kandi kubiba urwango mu Banyarwanda abicishije mu bitangazamakuru bya Kangura na RTLM yashinze.

Kabuga yahunze mu 1994, ajya mu Busiwisi gusa bamutegetse kuhava, ajya muri RDC, ubu bivugwa ko aharereye muri Kenya ngo yahawe ubudahangarwa. Kuva urukiko rwa ICTR rwashyirwaho mu 1995, Kabuga yabaye ku isonga mu bahigwa ndetse yacitse amagerageza menshi yo kumuta muri yombi. ICTR yamushyiriyeho impapuro zimuta muri yombi mu 1999 ntiyafatwa kugeza ubwo inshingano yari yahawe zarangiriye, dosiye ye ihabwa IRM mu 2012.

Mpiranya Protais

Mpiranya yavukiye muri Prefecture ya Gitarama mu 1960. Ku butegetsi bwa Habyarimana, yari umusirikare wahawe amapeti ya S2 mu mutwe w’abarindaga Umukuru w’Igihugu (Presidential Guard), mu 1993 yahawe inshingano zo kuwuyobora, ahabwa ipeti rya S3.

Mpiranya ashinjwa kugira uruhare mu itegurwa n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya jenoside kuva mu 1990 kugeza mu 1994, aho yakurikiranaga imyitozo y’abaturirwaga kuyishyira mu bikorwa muri Prefecture za Ruhengeri, Cyangugu, Gisenyi,… mu bigo bya gisirikare bya Gabiro, Gako, Mukamira na Bigogwe.

Muri Kamena 2012, Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika zifashishije ibitangazamakuru zatangaje ko zishaka abarimo Mpiranya bari barashyiriweho impapuro zo kubata muri yombi na ICTR. Dosiye ya Mpiranya nayo yashyikirijwe IRM nyuma y’aho inshingano za ICTR zarangiriye.

Kayishema Fulgence

Kayishema yavukiye muri Komine ya Kivumu muri Prefecture ya Kibuye mu 1961. Yari ashinzwe urwego rw’ubutabera rwa polisi muri Kavumu.

Kayishema afatanyije n’abarimo Meya wa Kavumu, bateguye inama zitandukanye maze bakusanyiriza muri Kiliziya ya Nyange abatutsi bageraga ku 2000 bari bahungiye mu nkambi zitandukanye muri iyi komine. Bahaye Interahamwe amavuta yo gutwikisha iyi kiliziya ndetse aba ‘Gendarmes’ n’abapolisi ba komine bahamisha amagerenade, abari mu rusengero baricwa.

ICTR yakuriranyeho Kayishema icyaha cya jenoside n’ibifitanye isano nayo. Mu 2007 Umushinjacyaha Mukuru wa ICTR yatanze igitekerezo cy’uko urukiko rwakohereza dosiye ye imbere y’ubutabera bw’u Rwanda, byemewa muri Gashyantare 2012, bishyirwa mu ngiro muri Werurwe.

Ndimbati Aloys

Ndimbati yavukiye muri Komine ya Gisovu muri Prefecture ya Kibuye muri za 50 (1950). Yabaye Bourgmestre wa Gisovu kuva mu 1990, mu bubasha yari afite ashinjwa gutegura no gushyira mu bikorwa umugambi wa jenoside muri iyi Prefecture, ubuzima bw’abatutsi babarirwa mu 10,000.

Mu gihe jenoside yakorwaga muri Kibuye, abatutsi bahungiye mu misozi yo mu Bisesero, Ndimbati n’abarimo Charles Sikubwabo bataha amabwiriza Interahamwe, Gendarmes ndetse n’abapolisi ya Komine yo guhiga aba batutsi bari bahunze.

Ndimbati yahunze mu 1994, ICTR imukurikiranaho icyaha cya jenoside n’ibifitanye isano nayo mu 1996. Mu 2002, Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika zifashishije ibitangazamakuru muri Kenya, zatangaje ko zishaka Ndimbati, zishyiraho n’aya mafaranga yo guha umuntu uzatanga amakuru atuma afatwa. Mu 2012, ICTR yashyikirije u Rwanda dosiye ya Ndimbati.

Munyarugarama Phénéas

Munyarugarama yavutse mu 1948. Yari umusirikare ku butegetsibwa Habyarimana aho yari afite ipeti rya Lieutenant Colonel. Ashinjwa kugira uruhare mu itegurwa n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya jenoside mu 1994.

ICTR yamushyiriyeho impapuro zimuta muri yombi, dosiye ye ishyikirizwa IRM mu 2012 nayo ishyikiriza dosiye ye ubutabera bw’u Rwanda muri uwo mwaka.

Sikubwayo Charles

Sikubwayo yavukiye muri Komine ya Gishyita muri Prefecture ya Kibuye muri za 40 (1940). Yabaye umusirikare mu ngabo za leta yo ku bwa Habyarimana (Ex-FAR) ndetse aba Bourgmestre wa Gishyita kuva mu 1993 kugeza mu 1994.

Sikubwayo ashinjwa kugira uruhare muri jenoside yakorewe abatutsi muri Prefecture ya Kibuye kuva tariki ya 9 Mata 1994 kugeza muri Kamena 1994. We n’abarimo Ryandikayo bategetse ba Gendarmes, abapolisi ndetse n’Interahamwe guhiga abatutsi bari bahungiye mu nsengero zitandukanye nk’urwa Mubuga, ahiciwe ibihumbi ny’abatutsi bari bahungiyemo. Bategetse kandi ko abari bahungiye mu misozi ya Bisesero bicwa.

Mu 1996, ICTR yashinje ibyaha 13 birimo jenoside. Amerika yatanze amatangazo yifashishije ibitangazamakuru muri Kenya, ko iri gushakisha Sikubwabo. Mu 2012, ICTR yashyikirije ubutabera bw’u Rwanda dosiye ya Sikubwabo.

Ryandikayo Charles

Ryandikayo yavukiye muri Komine ya Gishyita muri Prefecture ya Kibuye mu 1961. Yari afite inzu icuruza amafunguro (restaurant) muri Mubuga muri iyi komine.

Ashinjwa uruhare mu bwicanyi bwakorewe muri Kibuye, cyane cyane mu rusengero rwa Mubuga, rwaguyemo abatutsi bari bahungiyemo. Ryandikayo n’abarimo Sikubwabo Charles batanze amabwiriza yo kwica abatutsi muri Kibuye.

Mu 1996, ICTR yamukurikiyeho icyaha cya jenoside n’ibifitanye isano, mu 2002 Amerika yifashishije ibitangazamakuru muri Kenya itangaza ko iri kumushakisha. Mu 2012, dosiye ye yashyikirijwe ubutabera bw’u Rwanda.

Uko ari umunani ntibarafatwa

Kuva aba bose bahunga mu 1994, bagakurikiranwa na ICTR kuva mu 1996, bamwe dosiye zabo zigashyikirizwa IRM n’ubutabera bw’u Rwanda, mu 2002 Amerika ikaba yarashyize hanze amatangazo asaba gutanga amakuru yatuma bafatwa, baracyidegembya. Bakekwaho kuba bari mu bihugu bitandukanye nka Kenya, RDC, Congo,… ariko nta makuru aratangazwa yo kubaca iryera. Kabuga Félicien ni we wavuzwe kenshi ko yagaragaye muri Kenya, ndetse inzego z’umutekano, iperereza n’ubutasi nka FBI zikaba zaramushakishije, akazica mu rihumye.

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