Urukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha ( ICC) mu kwaha kw’ ibihangange ku Isi

Urukiko mpuzamahanga (ICC) rukiko rukorera i La Haye mu Buholandi, rufite intego yo kuburanisha no gushinja ibyaha abantu bakoze ibyaha mpuzamahanga nka Jenoside, ibyibasiye inyoko muntu, iby’intambara n’ibindi ndengakamere. Rushyirwaho n’ ibihugu binyamuryango mu masezerano y’itiriwe ay’ i Roma.

Uru rukiko mu mikorere yarwo ntirwagiye ruvugwaho rumwe na za Leta zitandukanye ndetse n’imiryango mpuzamahanga, bitewe n’uburyo rukoramo bwuzuyemo ukubogama no kurobanura hashingiwe ku nyungu z’ ubukungu cyangwa iza politiki.

Abanenga urukiko rwa ICC abenshi bahuriza ku kintu kimwe cy’uko n’ubwo uru rukiko rwitwa mpuzamahanga, usanga rwitendeka ku Banyafurika bonyine nk’ aho ari bo rukumbi bafite akaboko kanduye gahora kisirisimba mu byaha rukurikirana.

Ingero zishimangira iyi ngingo ni nyinshi kuko rwagiye rukurikirana gusa abanyafurika.

Ni urukiko rumaze imyaka igera kuri 18 rushyizweho, dore ko rwashinzwe muri Nyakanga 2002. Kuva uru rukiko rwashingwa, ibiro byarwo by’ubushinjacyaha ( OTP ) byagiye byakira amakuru y’ibyaha bivugwa ko byibasira inyoko muntu hirya no hino ku isi, ariko bihitamo gukora iperereza ku byaha bivugwa ko byakorewe ku butaka bw’umugabane utuwe n’abirabura gusa.

Magingo aya rukaba rumaze gukora iperereza ku byaba byibasiye inyoko muntu mu bihugu bya Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo, Repubulika ya Centrafrique, i Darfour muri Sudani, muri Uganda, Mali, Kenya, C�te d’Ivoire, Libye ndetse, Liberia na Sierra Leone.

Ni mu gihe OTP yagiye yakira amakuru ku byaha byibasiye inyoko muntu mu bindi bihugu bitandukanye bitari ibya Afurika, ariko igahitamo kudakora iperereza. Ingero nziza ni ibyaha byakorewe mu bihugu nka Venezuela, Iraq, Colombia, Palestine na Afghanistan.

Mu banenga imikorere ya ICC, harimo Nyakubahwa Perezida wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda, Paul Kagame, utumva uburyo ruriya rukiko rwashyiriweho isi bikarangira rubaye urw’Abanyafurika gusa aho yakunze kurwita ko ari urukiko ruvangura ( Selective court).

Perezida Kagame yagarutse kenshi ku mikorere mibi y’ urwo rukiko nko ku wa 28 Mata 2018, i Kigali, ubwo yitabiraga umunsi wa kabiri w�ibiganiro mu nama yiswe �Ibrahim Governance Weekend� aganira na Mo Ibrahim, ku mikorere y�inzego za Leta muri Afurika yo mu kinyejana cya 21.

Yagize ati" Urukiko rwa ICC rwagiyeho rushyiriweho Isi yose ariko byarangiye rubaye urwa Afurika gusa. Abanyafurika baburanishwa na ruriya rukiko usanga akenshi ibyaha baba barabikoranye n�abandi b�ahandi."

Yongeyeho ati" Kuki rutaburanisha Abanya-Argentine? Kuki rutaburanisha abo muri Myanmar...kuki rutaburanisha abanya-Iraq? Kuva rwatangira nakomeje kuvuga ko uru rukiko bizarangira rucira imanza Abanyafurika gusa. Guca imanza ubwabyo si bibi, buri wese agomba kubazwa ibyo akora. Ikibazo kiza mu buryo ibyo bikorwamo, umuntu akibaza niba ubutabera butangwa koko."

Ibyo Perezida Kagame yavuze bifite ishingiro cyane, bijyanye n’uko abantu 45 CPI imaze gucira imanza cyangwa gukurikirana kuva rwashingwa bose ari Abanyafurika.

Aba barimo nk’Umunya-Uganda Joseph Kony, Perezida Uhuru Kenyatta wa Kenya, Visi Perezida we Dr William Rutto, Abakongomani nka Jean Pierre Bemba, Thomas Lubanga, Bosco Ntaganda, Germain Katanga, Uwari Perezida wa C�te d’ Ivoire, Laurent Gbagbo, Muammar Gadafi wahoze ayobora Libya na Charles Taylor wayoboye Liberia.

Uku kwibasira Abanyafurika cyane byabaye intandaro y’umwuka mubi wazamutse muri iyi myaka ya vuba hagati y’ urwo rukiko n’ ibihugu bya Afurika.

Muri icyo cyerekezo kandi uru rukiko rukaba ruragera amajanja Omar Al- Bashir wahoze ayobora Sudani, byamaze kwemezwa ko ashobora kurushyikirizwa na leta iriho muri iki gihe. Ni nyuma y’igihe uru rukiko rwaramushyiriweho impapuro zimuta muri yombi, Umunyango w’ Ubumwe bwa Afurika, ukaba waraziciye amazi.
Igitangaje ni uko igihugu cya Sudan kitigeze gisinya amasezerano n’ urwo rukiko.

Birasa naho Abanyafurika barasa n’abakuye amaboko kuri urwo rukiko bitewe n’ uko kubogama kwarwo kuko rudashobora gukora iperereza ku byaha byakozwe n’ibihugu bikomeye kandi bikize ku isi.

Ababikurikiranira hafi basanga ICC yarashyiriweho gukoma mu nkokora no gupyinagaza Abanyafurika barebye kure, bagasanga badakwiye gukomeza kuba insina ngufi no kugendera mu kwaha kw’ibihugu byo mu Burengerazuba bw’isi bagereranya na ba mpatsibihugu.

Iyi ngingo ishimangirwa no kuba uru rukiko rukoresha amafaranga ruhabwa na biriya bihugu umugabane wa Afurika ufiteho amateka ababaje. Ababikurikiranira hafi kandi basanga ICC ari isura nshya y’ubukoroni ku Banyafurika.

Hari icyegeranyo cyo muri 2013 kivuga ko 60% by�amafaranga akoreshwa n�uru rukiko yaba atangwa n�umuryango w�Ubumwe bw�Uburayi, bityo bakabiheraho bavuga ko uru rukiko rwaba rubyina umudiho w�indirimbo yatewe n�ibihugu byo mu Burengerazuba bw’isi. Bimwe mu bihugu bya Afurika byihutiye gusinya buhumyi ayo masezerano none byabaye nko kuboha ikiziriko ukacyiyahurisha.

Abo banyafurika kuri ubu bari mu gihirahiro kubera ingaruka mbi zababayeho, ubu bakaba barabuze uko barwigobotora.
Bivugwa ko ibihugu by�Afurika byagiye bisinya amasezerano ya Roma, bitabanje kumenya byinshi bikubiyemo n�ingingo zizabigonga.

Impamvu ni uko hari ababikoreshejwe n�amarangamutima ngo babonwe neza mu bihugu bikomeye, mu gihe abandi babikoze ku bw�inkunga ndetse n�imiryango mpuzamahanga ibifasha.

Ibihugu byose ntibyasinye amasezerano y’ i Roma kuko u Rwanda na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika n’ ibindi byarebye kure byanga kuyasinya, mu gihe ibihugu 34 bya Afurika byayasinye naho ibigera kuri 122 bikaba byarayashyizeho umukono muri rusange.

Uburusiya bwarasinye ariko ntiburajyamo neza, na ho Leta Zunze Ubumwe z�America zateye utwatsi aya masezerano kuko zitayabonagamo inyungu zayo.

Cyakora cyo n’ubwo ICC abenshi mu Banyafurika batayicira akari urutega, hari abayishyigikiye ibyo ikora, kubera inyungu zo gukorera mu kwaha kwa bya bihugu bikomeye twagarutseho.

Ibi byatumye guca burundu imikorere ya ICC muri Africa bigorana kugeza ubwo ndetse byavugwagako bimwe muribyo byakiriye ruswa yo gusinerwa imyenda kugira ngo bakomeze gushyigikira ayo masezerano, ibintu byagize ingaruka zikomeye kuri AU mu gufata umwanzuro.

Babishingira ku kuba Afurika ngo ishobora kuba iri ku isonga y’imigabane yugarijwe n’ibyaha nyinshi, bijyanye n’ibibazo by’ubukene n’intambara z’urudaca ziwuhoraho.
Umunya-Tanzania w�Umusesenguzi, Jenerali Ulimwengu, asanga ICC idakurikirana buri Munyafurika ahubwo ikurikirana ufite ibyo ashinjwa cyangwa akekwaho.

Ati � Nemera ko ICC ikurikirana Umunyafurika wijanditse mu bikorwa byica abaturage, kuki bashaka gukoresha Abanyafurika bose nk�umutaka wo kubakingira gukurikiranwa ku byaha baba bakoze?.�

Akomeza avuga ko kwitwaza ko rudakurikirana abantu nka George W. Bush, Tony Blair n�abandi batungwa agatoki ko bakoze ibyaha, ari ugushaka kuzinzitiranya inzirakarengane bitwaje ko n�abandi bakoze ibyaha batabibajijwe.

Umunyarwanda ni we wicaye agira ati" Findi findi irutwa na so araroga."

Birakwiye ko Abanyafurika baturira mu ruhame, bakavuga ko bikuye muri CPI niba koko nta buhake bakeneye.
Muri 2016 byari byitezwe ko iki cyemezo kiza gufatirwa mu nama ya AU yari yabereye i Kigali, gusa ntibyakunda kubera nyine ukokwivanga kw’ ibihugu bikomeye.

Uburenganzira burabibemerera, Ingingo ya 127 y�amasezerano ya Roma, yemerera igihugu kinyamuryango kwivana muri ayo masezerano ku mpamvu zacyo bwite, kandi uko kwivanamo ntikubangamire ubundi bufatanye bushobora gukenerwa n�urukiko kuri icyo gihugu.

Igihugu cyemererwa kuva mu banyamuryango nyuma y�umwaka umwe kigejeje ku Munyamabanga Mukuru wa Loni ubusabe bwo kuvamo. Haba se hari ibihugu bizinyara mu isunzu bikigobotora urwo rukiko rwabishyiriwe?

Biragoye cyane kubyemeza, n’ubwo bishoboka, kuko byinshi muri ibyo bihugu bigitega amaboko, bisaba ubufasha kandi mwibuke ko inda ishonje itagira amatwi.