Twese twubaha cyane abagabo n’abagore baba bariyemeje kwitangira ibihugu byabo mu kubirinda abanzi bo hanze ndetse n’imbere, ariko hariho irindi tsinda rihora ryitabazwa mu bihe bibi cyangwa aho rukomeye. Aba bakura akaga mu nzira kandi binjira ahantu hakomeye ab’umutima ukomeye gusa batinyuka kwegera. Aba ni bo usanga mu mitwe y’ingabo zidasanzwe (Special Forces).

Dore Special Forces 15 za mbere zikanganye ku Isi

1. Special Naval Warfare Force

Umutwe w’ingabo zidasanzwe za Espagne uzwi nka Special Naval Warfare Force washinzwe mu 2009 ubwo iki gihugu cyahuzaga imitwe itandukanye y’igisirikare cyo mu mazi kigakora umutwe umwe ushinzwe ibikorwa bidasanzwe bya gisirikare. Uyu mutwe ugizwe n’ishami ryihariye rishinzwe guturitsa ibisasu, Ishami ridasanzwe ry’abarwanira mu mazi, hamwe n’ishami rishinzwe ibikorwa bidasanzwe, ari naryo ry’ibanze riwugize.

Uyu mutwe ushinzwe gushakisha no gutabara ku rugamba, gufata ubwato, kwibira, no kurwanira mu kirere. Uyu mutwe w’intoranywa uracyarwana n’ubu.

Bafite amateka maremare yo gukoresha ubwo buhanga butandukanye mu kurwanya ba rushimusi no gutabara abafashwe bugwate. Bagize uruhare mu gitero ku bwato bwa Koreya ya Ruguru bwari butwaye misile za SCUD muri Yemen mu 2002 muri Operation Enduring Freedom mu Nyanja y’u Buhinde. Nyuma babashije kubohora imbohe y’Umufaransa yari yashimuswe na ba rushimusi bo muri Somalia mu 2011.

2. EKO Cobra

EKO Cobra yashinzwe mu 1978, izwi kandi ku izina rya Einsatzkommando Cobra, ni umutwe wigenga bicagase uri mu bubasha bwa Minisiteri y’umutekano w’igihugu muri Autrichia.

EKO Cobra niwo mutwe wonyine w’ingabo zidasanzwe watabaye indege yari yashimuswe igihe yari mu kirere mu 1996, kandi witabira ibindi bikorwa byo gutabara imbohe. Hamwe n’ubushobozi bwo gukorera mu matsinda mato mato cyane y’abakomando batanu cyangwa batandatu, abagize EKO Cobra bategurwa mu buryo butandukanye kandi bakoreshwa cyane mu butumwa bwihariye no mu bikorwa by’ibanga ku butaka bw’umwanzi.

3. GROM

Aya magambo ahinnye, GROM, asobanura Group for Operational Maneuvering Response. Grom, ariko, bisobanura "inkuba" mu Kinyapolonye, ​​izina rikanganye cyane. Ni itsinda rishobora guhuzwa na “Silent Unseen,” itsinda ry’abaparakomando bo muri Pologne bajyanywe mu bunyage mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y’Isi Yose.

Umutwe wa GROM washinzwe mu 1990 biturutse kuri Operation Bridge, igikorwa cyari kigamije gufasha abantu kwinjira muri Israel. Mu 1994, boherejwe muri Haiti mu rwego rwa Operation Restore Democracy, yahishwe abaturage muri rusange.

GROM ikora ibikorwa byo kurwanya inyeshyamba kimwe n’ibikorwa byo gutabara, harimo no kubohoza abafashwe bugwate. Bafite ubuhanga buhambaye mu gukoresha intwaro no mu buvuzi kandi bafite ubuhanga butandukanye mu bya gisirikare, nko kwibira, gukora ibiturika byihuse, gucengera mu mirongo y’umwanzi, kumanukira mu mitaka, no gucunga ibinyabiziga. GROM ikurikiza izina ryayo iyo bigeze igihe cyo kurwanya abakora ibyaha by’intambara.

4. Spetsnaz

Spetsnaz ni Special Forces y’u Burusiya, itozwa gukora ibikorwa bitandukanye bya gisirikare n’ubutasi. Uyu mutwe uri muri special forces za mbere nziza ku Isi kubera imyitozo ihambaye n’ubundi bumenyi. Spetsnaz yagize uruhare runini mu makimbirane menshi y’u Burusiya no mu bikorwa bya gisirikare, nko muri Chechnya, Afghanistan, na Ukraine. Bagira uruhare runini mu gutanga umutekano mu birori bikomeye no kurinda inyungu z’u Burusiya mu mahanga.

Bumwe mu bushobozi bw’ingenzi bwa Spetsnaz harimo gushakisha no gukora ibikorwa bitaziguye.Batojwe kandi gucengera, kubangamira umwanzi (sabotage), n’intambara zo mu mitekerereze.

Bashobora gukora mu bwigenge, mu mitwe mito, cyangwa bafatanije n’andi mashami y’igisirikare kugira ngo bagere ku ntego zabo. Bafite ibikoresho byinshi, birimo intwaro nto ziteye imbere, ibinyabiziga kabuhariwe hamwe n’ubwato, hatirengagijwe itumanaho riteye imbere.

Imitwe izwi cyane ya Spetsnaz irimo GRU (Main Intelligence Directorate) Spetsnaz na VDV (Ingabo zirwanira mu kirere) Spetsnaz. Byongeye kandi, uturere twinshi twa Gisirikare dufite Spetsnaz yihariye, nka FSB Spetsnaz, urugero.

5. Snow Leopard Commando Unit

Uyu ni umutwe w’ingabo zidasanzwe z’u Bushinwa zizwi na none nka Snow Wolf Commando Unit, wahawe kubera ubushobozi bw’ibirura bwo kwihanganira ahantu hakonje cyane n’ubushobozi bwabo bwo kuba ahantu hateye akaga. Mu rwego rwo kwitegura imikino Olempike yo mu 2008 yabereye i Beijing, bamaze imyaka itanu mu myitozo y’ibanga yo guhashya imyigaragambyo, kurwanya ba rushimusi no gutegura ibisasu.

Mu myitozo ihuriweho, bitozanyije n’ingabo zidasanzwe z’u Burusiya zifite intego imwe yo kubungabunga amahoro n’umutekano. Uyu mutwe wishimira kugira abasirikare babangutse kandi basobanukiwe gukoresha imbunda, imbaraga no kwihangana, ndetse n’imyitwarire yo kwitanga.

Mbere yo gukora ibizamini by’umubiri no mu mutwe, buri mukandida agomba kubanza gukora mu gipolisi mu gihe cy’umwaka umwe cyangwa ibiri. Bashobora kuba ari abahanga mu kurwana begeranye n’umwanzi no mu mikino njyarugamba, ariko itsinda rya ba mudahusha bawo si iryo gusuzugurwa.

6. Special Air Service (SAS)

Bafatwa nk’ishingiro ry’ingabo zidasanzwe zose ku Isi. Nyuma yo gushinga SAS mu Bwongereza, nibwo hashinzwe na Delta Force muri Amerika. Bafatwa nk’ingabo za mbere ku Isi zishoboye urugamba , kandi bahawe imyitozo ikenewe mu kwitwara neza mu bindi bikorwa byose. Itsinda rya SAS riba rigizwe n’abasirikare 65 bayobowe na ofisiye mukuru wo ku rwego rwa major.

Ikirango cyabo kirimo imvugo izwi cyane, “Utinyuka aratsinda.” Jenerali Stanley McChrystal wo muri Amerika, yatangaje ko uyu mutwe ari ngombwa, igihe baganiraga ku ruhare rwabo mu guhangana n’amakimbirane yakurikiye intambara yo muri Irak.

7. Gruppo di intervento special (GIS)

Umutwe w’ingabo zidasanzwe z’u Butaliyani uzwi ku izina rya Gruppo di Intervento Speciale (GIS), cyangwa Special Intervention Group. GIS yashinzwe mu 1978 nk’ishami ridasanzwe rya polisi , umutwe w’ingabo zishinzwe kubahiriza amategeko ya gisirikare ndetse na gisivili.

Usibye akazi kawo nk’ishami rya tactique rya polisi, GIS yagize uruhare mu bikorwa bidasanzwe mu 2004 maze itera imbere ivamo umutwe w’ingabo zidasanzwe, Operazioni delle Forze Speciali (COFS).

Uyu mutwe wagize uruhare mu bikorwa bidasanzwe bitandukanye kandi urinda abantu b’ingenzi (VIP), abayobozi, n’ibikomerezwa. Kuva yatangira, GIS yamamaye kubera gukora neza no gutegura neza. Yakoze kandi ikomeje gukorera mu turere twinshi tw’intambara, nko muri Balkans, Afghanistan, Irak, no mu Ihembe rya Afurika, ndetse no mu bihugu byose aho ambasade z’u Butaliyani ziba ziri mu kaga.

8. Alpha Group

Alpha Group bivugwa ko ishobora kuba ari wo mutwe w’ingabo zidasanzwe zirangwa n’ubugome bukabije kandi ari nk’ukuboko gutinyitse kwa Spetsnaz. Ibarizwa mu rwego rushinzwe umutekano mu Burusiya kandi ni umutwe wihariye w’intoranywa ukunze gukoreshwa n’Urwego rw’Ubutasi rw’u Burusiya (FSB). Bivugwa ko uyu mutwe wahawe uruhushya rwo gukorera mu buryo butaziguye munsi y’amabwiriza y’ubuyobozi bukuru bwa politiki bw’u Burusiya.

Alpha Group yashinzwe bwa mbere mu 1974, kandi kuva icyo gihe yagize uruhare mu bikorwa byinshi byo ku rwego rwo hejuru, birimo igitero ku ndege ya Aeroflot yari yashimuswe mu 1983, mu kibazo cy’imbohe zari zafatiwe mu nzu yerekanirwamo ikinamico i Moscow mu 2002, ndetse n’igihe abitwaje intwaro bigaruriraga ishuri rya Beslan mu 2004. uyu mutwe wagize kandi uruhare runini mu makimbirane y’Intambara zo muri Chechnya. Bazwiho gutsinda bunyamaswa abo bahanganye no kwihorera bikabije.

Uyu mutwe na none bawita "Spetsgruppa “A” kubera amayeri yihariye y’imikorere yawo. Igihe uyu mutwe wakoreshaga gaze y’ubumara mu guhashya abari bafashe bugwate abantu mu nzu yerekanirwamo ikinamico i Moscou mu 2002, imbohe 129 zarapfuye, bituma uyu mutwe wamaganwa bikomeye.

9. Joint Force Task 2 (JTF2)

Uyu ni umutwe umaze imyaka 23 gusa muri Canada, ariko wagutse vuba ukaba ubarirwamo abakomando amagana. Bagize uruhare mu bice byinshi ku Isi biri mu kaga, harimo gutabara imbohe muri Irak no gukurikirana ba mudahusha bo muri Serbia muri Bosnia.

JTF 2 kandi yakoreye muri Afghanistan, ariko bitondeye cyane ibyo bakoreyeyo. JTF 2 ni abahanga mu kurwanya iterabwoba kandi isohora amakuru macye ashoboka ku bikorwa bitandukanye byihariye igiramo uruhare.

10. The Special Services Group (SSG)

Tekereza kwiruka ibirometero umunani mu minota mirongo itanu gusa kandi wikoreye ibikoresho byuzuye kandi ukagenda ibirometero 36 mu masaha cumi n’abiri. Ingabo zidasanzwe za Pakistan zatojwwe gukora imirimo itandukanye, harimo n’iyo twavuze haruguru.

Imyitozo ya SSG ibamo kugira ubuzima buzira umuze, amasomo y’intambara yo mu kirere, , amasomo y’ibyumweru 25 ya gikomando, hamwe no kwiga kurwanisha amaboko gusa. 5% gusa basabye kwinjiramo ni bo basoza imyitozo.

Uyu mutwe wamamaye cyane ubwo wateraga inyubako maze ukabohora imbohe zirenga 35 zari zafatiwe bugwate cyicaro gikuru cy’ingabo. SSG ijya aho ibikorwa biri, uhereye ahantu hateje akaga ku mupaka w’u Buhinde na Pakistan kugera muri Afghanistan, aho wakoreye Operation Zarb-e-Azb.

11. Groupe d’ Intervention de la Gendarmerie Nationale (GIGN)

GIGN (Groupe d’ Intervention de la Gendarmerie Nationale) ni umwe mu mitwe idasanzwe ikomeye ku Isi. GIGN y’Abafaransa isubiza iterabwoba cyangwa ibitero by’imbere mu gihugu mu buryo busa n’ubw’itsinda rya SWAT cyangwa Delta Force muri Amerika.

Yaba umwanzi cyangwa GIGN byombi byarahindutse uko iminsi itambuka. Intego yabo ni ukugera ahabereye icyaha vuba bishoboka hanyuma bagafata cyangwa bakica abakoze icyaha mbere y’uko bangiza byinshi.

Ku bijyanye no gushaka abanjiramo, gahunda yabo y’imyitozo, izwiho kuba ikaze, imara amezi cumi n’ane. Itsinda rimwe ryabakozeho inkuru mbarankuru ryarebye uko itsinda ry’abantu 120 bashoboraga kwinjizwa ryagabanutse hagasigara abantu 18 mu byumweru bibiri gusa.

12. Sayeret Matkal

Sayeret Matkal ya Israel, rimwe na rimwe izwi ku izina rya “Unit 269,” ni umutwe ushinzwe ibikorwa bidasanzwe bikunze kugirwa ibanga mu rwego rwo hejuru usanga ukunze kuvugwaho ibisa nk’imigani. Sayeret Matkal yamenyekanye cyane kubera ubushobozi bwimbitse bwo gutata no mu butumwa bwo gutabara imbohe kuva yashingwa mu 1957. Bishingikiriza ku gutungura, gukubita ku buryo butagaragara kandi ari bake, nyuma bagasubira aho bavuye mbere y’uko umwanzi amenya uko byagenze.

Kimwe mu bikorwa byayo bizwi cyane ni icyabereye Entebbe mu 1976 igihe indege ya Air France yashimutwaga itwaye abagenzi 250 bari bavuye i Tel Aviv berekeza i Paris. Imbohe 106 zarasigaye nyuma yo kurekura abagenzi batari Abanya-Israel. Igikorwa cyo gutabara cyateguwe mu cyumweru kandi kimara igihe kirenze gato isaha imwe.

13. MARCOS

Amagambo ahinnye ya MARCOS asobanura Marine Commandos. MARCOS yo mu Buhinde ni umwe mu mitwe y’ingabo zidasanzwe uteye ubwoba ku Isi. Batojwe kumanukira mu mitaka ku butumburuke bwo hejuru cyane kandi bitwaje imbunda nini cyane, imbunda za ba mudahusha, n’ibikoresho by’intambara bijyanye n’igihe.

Bahabwa imyitozo isa cyane cyane n’iy’Abanyamerika bagize Navy SEALs, kongeraho andi mabwiriza y’inyongera ava muri SAS yo mu Bwongereza kandi bagasaba amahugurwa ku kigo cya CIJW (Mu bijyanye na Guerrilla).

MARCOS, izwi kandi ku izina rya “Dadhiwalee fauj” (ingabo zifite ubwanwa), ni zo ngabo zonyine zidasanzwe nyuma y’iza Amerika zo muri Navy SEALs zifite ibikoresho bihambaye bizifasha kurwanira mu mazi.

14. Special Forces

Ingabo zidasanzwe za Amerika bivugwa ko zigira ubugome, nkuko ubitekereza. Ikimenyetso cyabo ni umwambi n’inkota hamwe n’imirabyo itatu; intego yabo ni "De oppresso liber" (Kubohoza abarengana); kandi bakunze kwitwa "Green Berets" kubera imyenda yabo ya yihariye, Perezida Kennedy mu myaka ya za 1960 yabemereye.

Ba mudahusha b’uyu mutwe ni abicanyi bahitanye abantu benshi, nubwo umutwe ugizwe n’ingabo zikaze kandi ziba ziteguye. Abagize uyu mutwe bamara ibyumweru birindwi mu myitozo hamwe n’abasirikare bakomeye bo muri Amerika. Bashinzwe ibikorwa nko gutera inkunga abafatanyabikorwa, kujyana imfashanyo ahantu hateye akaga, kubungabunga amahoro, ndetse no mu bikorwa byo kurwanya ibiyobyabwenge.

15. Navy Seals

Mu gusoza iki cyegeranyo, turebe umutwe wa Navy SEALs w’Abanyamerika. Aba ni bamwe mu ba mbere beza, niba bataza no ku mwanya wa mbere ku Isi. Abadashobora koga metero hafi 500 mu minota 10 n’amasegonda 30, pompage 79, sit-ups 79 , na pull-ups 11 no kwiruka ibirometero 2,4 mu minota 10 n’amasegonda 20, ntibashora kwakirwa.

Abakandida bahugurwa amezi 18 nyuma yo kurangiza imyitozo y’ibanze irimo guturitsa ibisasu munsi y’amazi, kumanukira mu mitaka hamwe no kugenzura ko bujuje ibisabwa.

Ibikorwa bidasanzwe by’ibanga byo kurwana, gushakisha amakuru bidasanzwe, no kurinda ubutaka bwa Amerika mu bindi bihugu ni zimwe mu nshingano za Navy SEALs.

Navy SEALs yasize ikimenyetso kuri buri ntambara ikomeye yabaye kuva Intambara za Koreya na Vietnam zaba, nko muri Somalia, muri Irak na Afghanistan, muri Operation Inherent Resolve, tutibagiwe igikorwa cyahitanye Osama bin Laden.

Source: Engineerine.com