Afurika ni umugabane uhura n’ibibazo byinshi by’umutekano, nk’intambara hagati y’abaturage, inyeshyamba, iterabwoba, ubujura, n’amakimbirane ku mipaka. Ibihugu byinshi bya Afurika bishora imari mu gushaka no kuvugurura za kajugujugu zo kugaba ibitero, kugira ngo byongere ingufu zo mu kirere ndetse n’ubushobozi bwo kurwana. Zimwe muri kajugujugu z’ibitero zikoreshwa n’ingabo zirwanira mu kirere nyafurika zitumizwa mu mahanga , izindi zitezwa imbere kandi zikorerwa mu mugabane.
Dore kajugujugu 10 za mbere zo kugaba ibitero zikoreshwa muri Afurika
1. AH-64 Apache
AH-64 Apache ni kajugujugu ya moteri ebyiri yakozwe na sosiyete y’Abanyamerika Boeing mu myaka ya za 1980. Apache niyo kajugujugu iteye imbere kandi ikoreshwa cyane ku Isi, aho ikoreshwa n’imitwe irenga 2000 y’ingabo mu bihugu 16. Apache ifite moteri y’ibanze (rotor) y’imihoro ine n’indi moteri y’imihoro ine y’inyuma ku murizo wa yo.
Apache igira umwanya w’umupilote n’ahicara umuntu ukoresha imbunda. Ishobora kujyaho imbunda ya cannon yafite cockpit ya tandem ya pilote nuwitwaje imbunda, hamwe na taret yashizwemo umusaya kubirwanisho. Apache irashobora kuba yitwaje imbunda ya 30 mm caliber, ndetse na missiles 16 za AGM-114 Hellfire cyangwa missile zisenya ibifaru za Spike, cyangwa misile enye za AIM-92 Stinger cyangwa AIM-9 Sidewinder misile ziraswa mu mirwano yo mu kirere, cyangwa roketi 76 za Hydra 70 cyangwa CRV7.
Apache ikoreshwa na Maroc na Misiri muri Afurika, Maroc yatumije 24 muri 2019, naho Misiri yatumije 46 muri 2018. Mu Gushyingo 2018 Misiri yasabye ko yagurishwa Apache icumi zo mu bwoko bwa AH-64E kuri miliyari imwe y’amadolari.
2. Ka-52 Alligator
Ka-52 Alligator ni kajugujugu yo kugaba ibitero ya moteri ebyiri yakozwe na sosiyete yo mu Burusiya, Kamov, mu myaka ya za 90. Alligator ni kajugujugu ya coaxial rotor, bivuze ko ifite rotor ebyiri nyamukuru aho imihoro yazo yikaraga igerekeranye mu byerekezo bibiri bitandukanye bikarushaho kuyiha umuvuduko mwinshi.
Alligator ishobora kuba yitwaje imbunda ya mm 30, cyangwa misile 12 za Vikhr cyangwa Ataka zirasa ibifaru, cyangwa misile enye za Igla cyangwa R-73 ziraswa mu mirwano yo mu kirere, cyangwa rokete za 80 mm cyangwa 122 mm.
Alligator ikoreshwa na Misiri muri Afurika, yatumije 46 mu 2015. Biteganijwe ko Alligator izazamura ubushobozi bw’ingabo zirwanira mu kirere za Misiri mu bijyanye n’intambara yo kurwanya ibifaru n’izindi kajugujugu, ndetse no gushakisha amakuru n’intambara za elegitoroniki.
3. Mi-28 Havoc
Mi-28 Havoc ni kajugujugu ya moteri ebyiri yakozwe na sosiyete y’Abasoviyeti Mil mu myaka ya za 1980. Havoc ni kajugujugu yagenewe kugaba ibitero ishobora gukora mu bihe byose ndetse n’ijoro n’amanywa.
Havoc ishobora kuba yitwaje imbunda ya mm 30, cyangwa AT-9 Ataka 16 na missile za AT-6 zirasa ibifaru, cyangwa misile enye za Igla cyangwa R-73 ziraswa mu mirwano yo mu kirere, cyangwa rokete za 80 mm na 122 mm.
Havoc ikoreshwa na Algeria na Uganda muri Afurika, Algeria yatumije 42 mu 2014, naho Uganda itumiza eshatu mu 2020. Biteganijwe ko Havoc izazamura ubushobozi bw’ingabo zirwanira mu kirere za Algeria na Uganda mu bijyanye n’intambara zirimo ibifaru cyangwa mu guhangana na kajugujugu z’abanzi.
4. T-129 ATAK
T-129 ATAK ni kajugujugu ya moteri ebyiri yakozwe na sosiyete yo muri Turkiya, TAI, mu myaka ya za 2010.
ATAK ni ubundi bwoko bwa Agusta A129 Mangusta, ari yo kajugujugu ya mbere y’ibitero yateguwe kandi ikorerwa mu Burayi. ATAK ifite moteri nyamukuru y’imihoro itanu hamwe na moteri y’inyuma y’imihoro ibiri, itanga imikorere ihanitse no kwihuta.
ATAK ishobora kuba yitwaje imbunda ya mm 20, cyangwa Missiles 8 za UMTAS zirasa ibifaru cyangwa izo mu bwoko bwa AGM-114 Hellfire, cyangwa ibisasu bya rokete 12 bya CIRIT cyangwa Hydra 70, cyangwa misile enye za Stinger cyangwa Mistral.
ATAK ikoreshwa na Nigeria gusa muri Afurika, yatumije 6 muri 2019 mu rwego rwo guhangana n’iterabwoba.
5. AH-1Z Viper/ AH-1 Cobra
AH-1Z Viper ni kajugujugu ya moteri 2 yakozwe na sosiyete y’Abanyamerika, Bell, mu myaka ya za 2000.
Viper ni verisiyo ya AH-1W Super Cobra yongerewe ubushobozi, ishingiye kuri AH-1 Cobra, kajugujugu ya mbere igenewe kugaba ibitero yabayeho ku Isi. Viper iba iriho imbunda ya mm 20, ikitwaza misile 16 za AGM-114 Hellfire, cyangwa roketi 16 za APKWS II, cyangwa missile 4 za AIM-9 Sidewinder cyangwa AIM-120 AMRAAM zikoreshwa mu guhangana n’izindi kajugujugu mu kirere.
Viper ikoreshwa na Nigeria muri Afurika, yatumije 24 muri 2019 mu gihe Super Cobra ikoreshwa na Kenya.
6. Rooivalk
Rooivalk ni kajugujugu ya moteri imwe yakozwe na sosiyete yo muri Afurika y’Epfo, Denel, mu myaka ya za 90. Rooivalk niyo kajugujugu yo kugaba ibitero ya mbere kandi rukumbi yakorewe muri Afurika. Rooivalk ishingiye kuri Aérospatiale SA 330 Puma, ni kajugujugu yo gutwara abantu. Rooivalk iba yitwaje imbunda ya mm 20, cyangwa missile umunani za AGM-114 misile zirasa ibifaru, cyangwa misile enye za Mistral cyangwa FIM-92 Stinger zikoreshwa mu kirere, cyangwa imbunda zirasa rokete za 70 mm cyangwa 68 mm.
Rooivalk ikoreshwa na Afurika y’Epfo muri Afurika, yaguze 12 mu 1999. Rooivalk yakoreshejwe mu bikorwa byo kubungabunga amahoro no kurwana muri Repubulika ya Demokarasi ya Congo, aho yerekanye ko imikorere yayo yizewe.
7. Mi-24/35 Hind
Mi-24/35 Hind ni kajugujugu y’ibitero yakozwe na sosiyete y’Abasoviyeti, Mil, mu myaka ya za 70. Ni kajugujugu idasanzwe ikoreshwa mu bwikorezi no mu kugaba ibitero. Hind iba yitwaje imbunda ya 12,7 mm, cyangwa imbunda ya 30 mm, cyangwa misile umunani za AT-6 Spiral cyangwa AT-9 Ataka zirasa ibifaru, cyangwa misile enye za R-60 cyangwa Igla misile ziraswa mu kirere, cyangwa rokete za 57 mm cyangwa 80 mm.
Mi-24/35 Hind ikoreshwa n’ibihugu byinshi bya Afurika, nka Algeria, Angola, Burkina Faso, Tchad, Misiri, Ethiopia, Cote d’Ivoire, Libya, Mali, Nigeria, Sudani, Senegal, Togo, Uganda, na Zimbabwe.
8. Mil Mi-17 Multi-role Helicopter
Mil Mi-17 ni kajugujugu itwara abantu ndetse ikoreshwa mu kugaba ibitero yakozwe na sosiyete y’Abasoviyeti, Mil, mu myaka ya za 70. Mi-17 ikomoka kuri Mi-8, imwe muri kajugujugu zikoreshwa cyane ku Isi. Mi-17 ifite moteri y’imihoro itanu n’indi y’imihoro itatu ku murizo wayo, biyiha imikorere myiza kandi yizewe.
Mi-17 irashobora gutwara abagenzi bagera kuri 24, udutanda tw’abarwayi 12 cyangwa kwikorera ibiro 4000 by’imizigo. Mi-17 ishobora kujyaho imbunda ya 12,7 mm machine gun, cyangwa 23 mm cannons, cyangwa misile enye za Shturm-V cyangwa Ataka-V zirasa ibifaru, tutibagiwe misile enye za Igla cyangwa R-60 ziraswa mu mirwano yo mu kirere, ndetse na rokete za 80 mm na 122 mm.
Mi-17 ikoreshwa n’ibihugu byinshi bya Afurika, nka Alijeriya, Angola, Burkina Faso, Benin, Kameruni, Tchad, Congo, Gineya ya Ekwatoriya, Etiyopiya, Gana, Gineya, Mali, Kenya, Mozambike, Nigér, Nijeriya, u Rwanda, Sudani , Togo, Tanzaniya, Uganda, na Zimbabwe. Mi-17 yakoreshejwe mu bikorwa bitandukanye, nko gutwara, gukubita, medevac, gushakisha no gutabara, ndetse no gufasha umuriro.
9. MD Helicopters (MDH) MD 530F Cayuse Warrior Plus
Kajugujugu ya MD (MDH) MD 530F Cayuse Warrior Plus ni kajugujugu yoroheje y’ibitero yakozwe na sosiyete y’Abanyamerika, MD Helicopters, mu myaka ya za 1980. MD 530F ikurikira ubwoko bwa MD 500 yakozwe hagendewe kuri Hughes OH-6 Cayuse. MD 530F ishobora gutwara abagenzi bagera kuri batatu, cyangwa kwikorera ibiro 680 by’imizigo. MD 530F ishobora kwitwaza imbunda ya mm 12,7, cyangwa missile 2 za FN Herstal HMP400, cyangwa misile enye za AGM-114 Hellfire, cyangwa roketi zirindwi za Hydra 70.
MD 530F ni kajugujugu yoroheje yamenyekanye kubera ubuhanga no gukora neza. Akenshi ikoreshwa mu bihe bidasanzwe by’intambara, itanga imbaraga z’umuriro mu rugamba rubera ahantu hagoye.
MD 530F ikoreshwa na Kenya, Uganda, na Nigeria muri Afurika. MD 530F yakoreshejwe mu kurwanya iterabwoba no kurwanya inyeshyamba, ndetse no kurinda imipaka ndetse no mu butumwa bw’umutekano.
10. SA342 Aérospatiale Gazelle
SA342 Aérospatiale Gazelle ni kajugujugu yoroheje kandi yo kugaba ibitero yakozwe na sosiyete y’Abafaransa, Aérospatiale, mu myaka ya za 1960. Gazelle ni kajugujugu itandukanye ishobora gukora imirimo itandukanye, nko gushakisha, gutata, gutwara, guhugura, no kurwanya ibifaru.
Gazelle ishobora gutwara abagenzi bagera kuri bane, cyangwa udutanda tubiri tw’abarwayi cyangwa kwikorera ibiro 590 by’imizigo. Gazelle ishobora kujyaho imbunda ya 20 mm, cyangwa misile enye za HOT zirasa ibifaru, cyangwa misile enye za Mistral zikoreshwa mu ntambara yo mu kirere, cyangwa roketi za 68 mm.
Gazelle ikoreshwa n’ibihugu byinshi bya Afurika, nka Algeria, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Tchad, Djibouti, Misiri, Gabon, Cote d’Ivoire, Kenya, Libya, Maroc, Niger, u Rwanda, Senegal, Sudani, Tunisia, na Zimbabwe.
Tanga igitekerezo