Ubuzima bwa Robert Oppenheimer wazanye ’urupfu mu Isi’

Buri gihe uko habayeho intambara mu Isi ihanganisha kimwe mu bihugu bitunze intwaro kirimbuzi, hahita hibazwa ku mugabo wazikoze ku nshuro ya mbere, akaziha ubushobozi bwo gutsemba buri gihumeka kiboneka mu Isi.

Julius Robert Oppenheimer wakoze ibisasu kirimbuzi bya mbere byaroshwe ku migi y’Abayapani mu ntambara ya kabiri y’Isi, yavukiye New York muri Leta zunze Ubumwe za Amerika (USA) ku wa 22 Mata 1904.

Julius Robert Oppenheimer wakoze ibisasu kirimbuzi bya mbere

Nubwo yavukiye muri Amerika ariko ababyeyi be bari Abayahudi bimukiye muri Amerika bavuye mu Budage.

Yari umuhanga bitavugwa

Oppenheimer yari umuhanga mu rwego rwo hejuru ku buryo yari azi neza indimi umunani, akaba yaranize Ubugenge muri Kaminuza ya Harvard imyaka itatu aho kuba ine nk’iyo abandi bigaga.

Uyu mugabo yari igitangaza ku rwego udashobora kwiyumvisha kuko yari umuhanga mu buvanganzo ndetse na Philosophia. Uretse ko n’ubundi utakora intwaro kirimbuzi udafite ubuhanga buhambaye.

Kubera kumara igihe kirere mu bitabo, yageze aho arwara indwara yo kurakazwa n’ubusa kandi akirirwa ashwana n’abarimu bamwigishaga, kugera ubwo yakoze uburozi muri laboratwari bwo guha mwarimu we batumvikanaga, gusa ntibwamugeraho.

Byagenze bite ngo Oppenheimer akore intwaro kirimbuzi?

Mu mwaka w’1930 ni bwo mu Burayi hazamutse ubutegetsi bw’igitugu kandi bwari bufite urwango kuri bene wabo b’Abayahudi. Ibyo ubwe yarabyumvishije neza, yumva ko benewabo bagiye guhura n’akaga.

Ku bw’ibyo mu mwaka w’1939 yahamagaje Umuyahudi mugenzi we Albert Einstein, na we wari umuhanga mu bugenge, hamwe n’abandi barimo Leo Szilard, ndetse na Eugene ngo baburire ubutegetsi bw’Amerika ko Abadage bari gucura intwaro z’ubumara.

Robert Oppenheimer na Albert Einstein

Tubibutse ko igitekerezo cyo gucura intwaro z’ubumara cyatangiye kuvugwa mu mwaka w’1930. Abadage bari baratangiye kubigereza mu gihe intambara ya kabiri y’Isi yatangiraga.

Oppenheimer na bagenzi be bashakaga kumvisha Amerika ko na yo bayifasha kubikora. We, Leo Szilard ndetse na Eugene Wigner ni bo bari bafite ubumenyi bwo gutunganya ubutare bwa Uranium bukorwamo intwaro kirimbuzi.

Oppenheimer yitabaje Albert Einstein nk’umuntu wari ikirangirire muri Amerika kugira ngo yumvishe Perezida wa USA, Franklin Roosevelt, ko bagomba gutanguranwa n’Abadage gucura izi ntwaro.

USA yemeye gushora akayabo mu mushinga w’izi ntwaro

Nyuma y’uko Einstein yandikiye Perezida Roosevelt ibaruwa akamusobanurira uyu mushinga, mu mwaka w’1942 Manhattan Project, umushinga wo gucura intwaro kirimbuzi waratangiye

Nyuma y’imyaka itatu Oppenheimer ayoboye uyu mushinga, ibisasu kirimbuzi byarakozwe binaterwa ku migi ya Hiroshima na Nagasaki mu Buyapani.

Byamugendekeye bite nyuma yo gukora izi ntwaro kirimbuzi?

Julius Robert Oppenheimer nyuma yagizwe umujyanama muri biro bya Perezida wa USA ku by’ibisasu kirimbuzi n’intwaro z’ubumara.

Nyamara uyu mwanya ntiyawurambyeho, kuko nyuma y’uko ibihugu by’Abasoviyeti na byo byari bimaze gukora intwaro kirimbuzi mu mwaka w’1949, yatangiye gukorwaho iperereza ko yaba ari intasi y’Abasoviyeti.

Oppenheimer yajujubijwe n’ubutegetsi

Nubwo nta kimenyetso bigeze babona ko ari intasi, ariko mu mwaka w’1954 yirukanwe mu kazi, anabuzwa kugira aho atarabukira, byongeye banamubuza kugira inama yakongera kwitabira.

Nyuma y’uko Amerika yakomeje kujujubya uyu mugabo, ishyirahamwe ry’Abahanga muri siyansi ryarahagurutse risaba Leta kurekera gutesha agaciro no gusuzuguza umuntu wakoreye igihugu igikorwa cy’indashyikirwa.

Mu mwaka w’1962, umwuka waje kuba mwiza hagati ye na Leta, maze yongera yemererwa kwisanzura. Perezida John Kennedy yamusubije umwanya yari afite mbere, ariko undi arabigarama.

Bigeze mu mwaka w’1963, Perezida Lyndon Johnson yaje kwambika Oppenheimer umudari w’ishimwe uhabwa abantu bakoreye USA ibikorwa by’indashyikirwa.

Urupfu rwe

Julius Robert Oppenheimer wanywaga itabi ryinshi cyane, tariki ya 18 Gashyantare 1967 yaje gushiramo umwuka yishwe na kanseri.

Ubuzima bw’umukurambere wahaye ikiremwamuntu ubushobozi bwo kwisenya mu ntwaro kirimbuzi bwarangiriye aho.

Oppenheimer yakundaga itabi

Mu gihe yari akiriho yatangaje ko iteka yahoraga ashengurwa n’ibisasu yakoze bigasenya Abayapani, bikaba byaranakwiriye Isi, umwanya umwe bikaba byayirimbura.

Ubwe yakunze kumvina agira, ati "Nkimara kubona icyo ibisasu kirimbuzi nakoze byakoreye Abayapani, nange nibonaga nk’urupfu."

Abantu benshi bita uyu mugabo uwazanye urupfu mu Isi ndetse yakinweho filime nyinshi.