Yihinduraga uko ashaka, akagaragara mu masura menshi, yari afite imyirondoro itandukanye…Byinshi bisa n’ibyo mu mugani byaravuzwe! Gusa, kuva urubanza rwe rutangira ku wa 29 Nzeri 2022, hategerejwe ukuri. Ni gute yashoboye gucika ubutabera mu myaka irenga 20 yose? Ni uruhe ruhare rw’ukuri yagize muri jenoside? Kumenya Kabuga, ni ukumurebera mu ndorerwamo zigera ku icumi zijyana neza n’ibibazo bigomba kwibazwaho bikabonerwa ibisubizo muri uru rubanza.
1. ikibazo cy’ubuzima n’ubusaza
Kuva akimara gutabwa muri yombi, ahitwa Asnières-sur-Seine mu mujyi wa Paris mu gihugu cy’Ubufaransa, umuryango wa Kabuga wasabye ahita arekurwa kubera « uburwayi bukomeye n’ubusaza ». Uko ibyakurikiyeho byagendaga biganisha ku rubanza ni ko « uburwayi bukomeye n’ubusaza » bwarushijweho kugaragazwa nk’inzitizi yatuma « ataburanira Arusha ». Aho ajyaniwe i La haye hifuzwaga, noneho basaba ko « urubanza rutabaho » kubera « uburwayi bukomeye n’ubusaza » bwahungabanyije « ububasha bwo gutekereza no kuvuga ».
Ku wa 13 Kamena 2022, Urukiko rwa MICT rwemeje ko « Urwego rw’Ubwunganizi rutashoboye gutanga ibimenyetso simusiga bigaragaza ko Kabuga adashobora kuburana ». Rwemeza ariko ko « Kabuga afite uburwayi bukomeye, ko arembye kandi afite intege nke ku buryo akeneye gukurikiranirwa hafi n’abaganga ».
Kubera icyo kibazo cy’uburwayi n’izabukuru, n’uburenganzira ku kubona ubutabera butabogamye kandi vuba, Urukiko rwemeje ko Kabuga agomba gukomeza gufungirwa i La Haye akaba ari na ho aburanishirizwa. Gusa na none ntaho rwahakanye ko aramutse yorohewe ataburanishirizwa Arusha.
Iki kibazo cy’ubuzima gihora kigaruka mu rubanza ni imwe mu ndorerwamo bamwe babonamo Kabuga « ushaka gutinza urubanza », cyangwa se « ushaka gucika urubanza». Gusa rero kuba abaganga b’inzobere bari bifujwe n’uruhande rwunganira Kabuga baremeje ko « Kabuga afite uburwayi bukomeye, ko arembye kandi afite intege nke ku buryo akeneye gukurikiranirwa hafi n’abaganga » ni impamvu imugumisha mu rubanza, kugeza wenda bemeje koko « uburwayi bukomeye n’ubusaza » bwamwambuye ububasha bwo kuburana.
2. Ikibazo cy’ubwunganizi
Indorerwamo ya kabiri ni iy’amakimbirane hagati ya Kabuga n’avoka we. Muri uru rubanza rwe, Kabuga yunganirwa n’umunyamategeko w’umufaransa Emmanuel Altit. Uyu munyamategeko usanzwe azwi mu manza nyinshi muri TPIR ni na we wunganiye Laurent Gbagbo mu rukiko mpanabyaha mpuzamahanga (CPI). Nubwo amwunganira, si ku bushake bwa Kabuga n’umuryango, kubera ko ngo atabakorera uko bifuza. Urukiko rwanashyikirijwe mu kwezi kwa Mutarama 2021 ikirego cyo kumwanga, ariko abacamanza bagitera utwatsi. Kabuga we ashaka kunganirwa na n’umunyamerika Peter Robinson uzwi mu manza nyinshi muri TPIR zirimo urwa Francois-Xavier Nzuwonemeye, Jean de Dieu Kamuhanda n’urw’’umukwe wa Kabuga, Augustin Ngirabatware, zose zerekeye jenoside yakorewe abatutsi.
Ipfundo ry’amakimbirane ni ukuba Me Altit atemera guhabwa amabwiriza n’umuryango wa Kabuga, kandi ntawemerere kwinjira muri dosiye. Avoka asobanura ko ubu burenganzira bufitwe n’uwo yunganira gusa. Icyo gitutu no kwivanga muri dosiye, byatumye urukiko rutangira « iperereza kuri Me Robinson n’umuryango wa Kabuga ku cyaha cyo kubangamira imikorere y’urukiko ».
3. Umunyemari
Mwene Gasimba Petero na Tibamwenda, wavukiye i Mukarange ya Byumba mu muryango w’abakungujumba, ku wa 19 Nyakanga 1935. Ka gahungu k’ingimbi katangiye ubucuruzi kabunza itabi, ibibiriti n’utundi duconsho, kavumbutsemo umunyemari wa mbere mu gihugu, ahagana mu 1990, bushingiye ku bucuruzi mpuzamahanga n’imiturirwa mu gihugu rwagati.
Ubwo bukire bw’ikirenga, benshi barimo umuhanga Andre Guichaoua bemeza ko bwatumye ubutegetsi bumurambagiza, buramwiyegereza, bumuha uburyo bwo kubwongera, aba umufatanyabikorwa utaziguye. Nyuma ya 1994, nyuma y’uko atangiye gushakishwa kubera icyaha cya jenoside, imwe mu mitungo ye yaje gufatirwa mu bihugu nk’Ububiligi, Ubufaransa na Kenya, ndetse no mu Rwanda. Na magingo, iyo mitungo iracyashyamiranyije bamwe mu muryango wa Kabuga bashaka kuyisubirana n’ubutabera budashaka kuyirekura.
4. Umuntu w’ikambere mu Kazu
Indorerwamo ya kane ni iy’umuntu wo mu kazu nyirizina : bamwana wa Perezida Habyarimana na Kanziga, na sebukwe w’abantu bakomeye. Icyizere cyatangiriye mu guhabwa amasoko ya Leta, nyuma yo gusohozwa kwa madamu wa Perezida Agata Kanziga, na Minisitiri Nzirorera Yozefu. Ibi umwe mu bayobozi, kuva ku ngoma ya Kayibanda kugeza ku ya FPR-Inkotanyi, abihurizaho na HC, musaza wa Agata kwa sewabo, mbere y’uko asaza.
Gukora cyane n’icyizere yagiriwe byatumye Kabuga agera muri myaka ya 1990 ari umunyemari udashidikanywaho. Ntibyagarukiye aho, kuko ngo yatangiye no gushora imari muri politiki, nko mu kinyamakuru Kangura cyabaye inkomarume mu kubiba urwango n’amacakubiri.
Icyizere nyamukuru na cyo gihango ni Kabuga yashyingiye Habyarimana. Umusaza HC yasanze ubu ari ubuhanga bwa Agata, wari warigeze kurwanya ko Bararengana Seraphin, murumuna wa Habyarimana arongora umukobwa wa Kayibanda, agahita amushyingira murumuna we (wa Agata). Ni uko Habyarimana Jean Pierre (+) yarongoye Uwamariya Bernadette, naho Habyarimana Leon arongora Mukanziza Françoise (1995), i Nairobi muri Kenya.
Ni mu gihe undi mukobwa wa Kabuga yari yarashatswe na Ngirabatware Agusitini, Minisitiri w’Igenamigambi, ubu urimo urangiza igifungo cy’imyaka 30 yakatiwe n’urukiko rwa MICT kubera icyaha cya jenoside.
Ni mu gihe uwitwa Twagirihirwe Claudine Marie yaje kurongorwa na Ngirabatware François bakundaga kwita Zayirwa, umuhungu wa Munyampeta Gaspard wari umucuruzi ukomeye mu Ruhengeri. Undi muhungu w’uyu Munyampeta, witwa Ntirivamunda Alphonse, akaba yari umugabo wa Jeanne Habyarimana, umukobwa wa Perezida Habyarimana.
Undi mukobwa wa Kabuga, witwa Musabeyezu Winnie, we yarongowe na Mbarushimana Eugene, wari umuyobozi ushinzwe imari muri RWANDEX-CHILLINGTON mbere yo kuyibera umuyobozi mukuru. Iyi sosiyete ivugwaho kuba yaratumije inanyuzwamo intwaro, nk’imipanga, zakoze jenoside. uyuwo mu nzego zo hejuru, waje no kuba Umunyamabanga mukuru w’umutwe w’interahamwe zayogoje igihugu muri jenoside. Ni mu gihe Musanabera Paulina we yashakanye na Singaye Gakuru Fabien, mwene Singaye André wari umucuruzi ukomeye ku Gisenyi. Uyu Fabiyani yari maneko ari muri Ambasade mu Busuwisi aneka abarwanyaga Leta bibumbiye mu mutwe wa FPR-Inkotanyi, ku mugabane w’Uburayi.
Icyo gihango gishingiye ku rushako cyasobetse n’abari basanzwe bagize umuryango wa HABYARIMANA-KANZIGA, maze kigira KABUGA Felesiyani inkingi imwe mu nkingi za mwamba z’AKAZU. Bagahuriragamo n’abavandimwe ba Agata nka Zigiranyirazo Protais, Rwabukumba Séraphin na Col Sagatwa Elie, wari umunyamabanga wa Perezida Habyarimana. Harimo kandi intagondwa z’abasirikare n’abacuruzi bakomeye. Hari umugani, ushobora kuba « ugana akabaye », uvuga ko abo bose, bari bibumbiye ku mutima w’Akazu, KANZIGA-BAGOSORA, ari bo bacuze umugambi wa jenoside mu gihe kitari gito.
5. Radio-Televiziyo RTLM
Indi ndorerwamo ni iyo tubonamo umunyemari Kabuga Felesiyani uvugwaho gushinga Radio-Televiziyo RTLM, yari ku isonga mu guhamagarira abahutu urwango no kwica abatutsi mbere no hagati muri jenoside. Muri uru rubanza, Kabuga mu byaha aregwa harimo guhamagarira abahutu ku mugaragaro kandi mu buryo butaziguye kwica abatutsi. Iyi radio ngo ni yo yabaye igikoresho cy’ibanze kugira ngo agere kuri uwo mugambi. Uretse kuba ari we wari Perezida wa RTLM ni na we wari ufitemo imigabane myinshi. Kabuga kandi anavugwaho no kuba yaratanze amafaranga yo gushing no gukoresha ikinyamakuru KANGURA cyabimburiye ibindi byose kubiba urwango
Umuntu yakwibaza ati ese uruhare rwe mu gushyira gahunda mu bikorwa ni uruhe? Mu rubanza rwitiriwe itangazamakuru « media trial (procès des média) », izina rya Kabuga Felesiyani ryagarutsweho cyane inshuro zitabarika. Mu cyemezo cyafashwe n’Urukiko rwa TPIR mumwaka wa 2003, hemejwe ko Kabuga n’abo bari bafatanyije « bari bazi neza » kandi « bashyigikiye byimazeyo » ubutumwa bwari bukubiye mu byatangazwaga na RTLM.
6. ikibazo cy’imipanga
Byarangije kujya mu mutwe wa benshi, cyane cyane abahohotewe muri jenoside yakorewe abatutsi, ko iyo uvuze Kabuga, bihanye n’ « umuntu waguze imipanga yo kwica abatutsi ». Nubwo icyha cyo kuyigura atakigikurikiranyweho nyirizina, ubutabera bumutegereje ku ruhare yagize mu gufasha Leta yakoze jenoside, mu gutanga ubufasha, gutanga no gukwirakwiza intwaro zihabwa interahamwe. Ku ruhande rumwe, hari uruhare rwe mu ishingwa ry’Ikigega cyo kurengera igihugu (Fonds de défense nationale), uburyo butaziguye bwari ubwo gukusanya inkunga muri rubanda hagamijwe guha intwaro no kunoza imikorere y’umutwe w’interahamwe. Hari kandi n’ubufasha bwe butaziguye mu ishingwa ry’itsinda rito, muri Perefegitura ya Kigali, rizwi ku izina ry’ « Interahamwe za Kabuga ». Umwe mu bakwe be witwa Mbarushimana Eugene yari aribereye umunyamabanga mukuru. Uyu ni na we waayoboraga sosiyete RWANDEX-CHILLINGTON, ivugwa ko yanyujijwemo imihoro yatumijwe mu mahanga.
7. Perezida Daniel arap Moi
Mu byo abantu benshi bategereje muri uru rubanza, harimo uburyo Kabuga yakoresheje ngo ashobore kwihisha ubutabera, imyaka irenga 20 kandi ashakishwa n’isi yose. Nta banga ririmo ko ubushobozi bwe butari buhagije iyo hatabaho abantu bakomeye bamukingiye ikibaba. Muri bo havugwamo cyane uwari Perezida wa Kenya, Daniel arap Moi, bivugwa ko Kabuga yaba yaratanze amafaranga mu kumwamamaza mu 1997. Perezida Moi yaba yaramucumbikiye kuva mu 1995 kugera mu ntangiriro z’umwaka wa 2000. Ari aho muri Kenya, Kabuga ngo yakomeje guhura na bamwe mu baari bagize Leta y’abicanyi barimo Agata Kanziga. Mu bufasha yahawe, harimo no gushobora gukomeza imirimo ye y’ubucuruzi n’inganda, nko ku bijyanye n’ikawa, ubwikorezi n’ibindi.
8. Imyirondoro itandukanye
Hari byinshi byavugwaga. Ko Kabuga afite ububasha bw’ABAKONIKONI, akihinduranya mu masura menshi. Ni ko kandi ku rwego rwa TPIR, Leta y’u Rwanda na Leta ya Amerika, yari yarashyizeho igihembo ku muntu uzafasha kumuta muri yombi, hongerwaga imitego yo kumuta muri yombi. Ni uko nk’ahagana mu 2000, buri bucye ari ku Bunani, ba maneko ba TPIR bamwikanze, ku makuru yari yatanzwe na FBI, abantu baratangatanga, maze bagwa gitumo uwo bitaga Kabuga. Baje gusanga ngo ari Pasiteri « ufite isura yenda gusa » n’iy’uwashakishwaga.
Aho muri Kenya, byageze aho biba akaga gutanga no gukurikirana amakuru yerekeye Kabuga. Ku wa 16 Mutarama 2003, umunyamakuru wigenga William Munuhe yasanzwe yapfiriye mu nzu yari atuyemo mu mujyi wa Nairobi.
Nyuma y’urupfu rwe, umuvandimwe we yasobanuye ko Munuhe yateguraga umugambi wo kugenda yiyita umucuruzi, muri gahunda yari ahuriyeho na FBI yo guta muri yombi Kabuga Felisiyani. Ubwo bari bagiye gufata umurambo mu buruhukiro, ngo yabonye igikomere ku mutwe cyatewe n’isasu, kandi ngo mu cyumba cye hari amaraso. Ni mu gihe Polisi ya Kenya yari yemeje ko yiyahuye akoresheje guhumeka gazi y’uburozi ituruka mu mbabura y’amakara. Mu gihe cyakurikiyeho, bivugwa ko Kabuga yaba yarakoresheje imyirondoro itari munsi ya 26, harimo uwa « Antoine Tounga », umuturage ukomoka muri Repubulika iharanira demukarasi ya Congo (RDC), ari na we waguwe gitumo mu mujyi wa Paris.
9. Umutego w’ikoranabuhanga
Birashoboka ko muri iyo minsi yaba ari bwo yagiye i Burayi. Mu mwaka wa 2007, habaye gutsindwa cyane kw’urwego rw’ubugenzacyaha. Ubwo TPIR yataga muri yombi umukwe wa Kabuga witwa Ngirabatware Agusitini, uyu yabonye umwanya wo gushwanyaguza agakoresho k’ikoranabuhanga bita Flash disk cyangwa USB. Nyuma abagenzacyaha bashoboye kugaterateranya babonamo amakuru yerekeranye n’uburwayi bwajyanye Kabuga mu bitaaro mu ivuriro ry’aho mu Budage. Kuva ubwo, ubutabera bwagerageje gucunga ko Kabuga atigeze asohoka ku mugabane w’Uburayi. Ni uko hafashwe umugambi wo kuneka abana ba Kabuga. Kubagenda runono, no mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga, byatumye atabwa muri yombi i Paris ahitwa Asnieres-sur-Seine, nyuma y’imyaka 13 avuye mu Budage.
10. Inkovu idasibangana
Mu ruturuturu rwo ku wa 16 Mata 2020, saa kumi n’ebyiri na makumyabiri (6h20), ni bwo abajandarume bamennye urugi binjirana umusaza wari uryamye, maze uwari Kabuga Felesiyani avuga ko yitwa « Antoine Tounga », bikaba byaranahuraga mahwi n’ibyari muri Pasiporo ya CONGO yari afite. Nyuma yo kugenzura no kwitegereza neza, abajandarume babona ikimenyetso simusiga ko umusaza « Antoine Tounga » ari we Kabuga Felesiyani bamaze igihe bashakisha. Inkovu ya santimetero icyenda (9 cm), mu nsina y’ugutwi kw’iburyo, ikomoka ku kubagwa yigeze gukorerwa na muganga. Byari bihagije. Nta kitagira iherezo !
Igikorwa cyo kumushakisha cyiswe « 955 », nk’izina ry’icyemezo cyari cyarashyizeho urukiko rwa TPIR, cyari kigeze ku musozo.
Mu rubanza rumaze amezi abiri (2) ruburanishwa na MICT, ishami ry’i La Haye mu Buholandi, Kabuga Felesiyani akurikiranyweho ibyaha bitandatu (6), birimo kuba icyitso muri Jenoside, guhamagarira abantu ku mugaragaro ku buryo butaziguye gukora Jenoside, ubwinjiracyaha muri Jenoside, gutoteza no kurimbura, n’ibyaha byibasiye inyoko muntu.
Magingo aya, hasigaye gutega amaso ibizava mu bugenzuzi n’ubushishozi bw’ubutabera mpuzamahanga, muri uru rubanza u Rwanda ndetse n’amahanga bategereje kureba indunduro. Akari mu nda y’ingoma ko kamenywa na nyirayo, akari mu nda y’Akazu Kabuga azakavuga ?
Tanga igitekerezo